Pathophysiology of Vaccine-preventable diseases: Part 3

Part 3 is specifically made for Tristan Wells, angry Australian protestor against vaccination and Germ Theory who may or may not have the IQ of a humpback whale.

Normally I’d feel bad for singling out someone on the internet,  but I can’t quite express how communicating with him feels somewhat like talking to a very angry brick wall. Mistakes were made. Here is an excerpt from his blog on how to debate a pro-vaxxer:

Screen Shot 2018-04-19 at 8.56.14 PM

I know what you’re thinking. “Oh come on, he’s trolling.”

He isn’t. He’s serious. He doesn’t believe in Germ Theory in 2018 and thinks all diseases (I don’t know what he thinks diseases come from either) are renamed. Not just confused with other conditions back in ancient times (which is plausible), or differential diagnoses (which is taken into consideration and part of every patient’s paperwork), but secretly renamed other conditions to convince the world that vaccines work. Welcome to anti-vaxx nutville 2018.

Here is why we’re not “renaming” organisms:

Pathogens have been structurally observed and drawn out. Even if you can’t directly observe it, the body will still create monoclonal antibodies against that organism specifically, not against an organism that has a similar clinical presentation. Vaccine preventable diseases, tetanus being the exception, are not diagnosed by presentation alone but serology, cell culture, or anther specific diagnostic test. Tetanus is the exception because only a few organisms are needed to initiate an infection and they’re obligate anaerobes (exposure to O2 will kill them), making it extremely difficult to isolate. And also because it’s really fucking obvious if patient has lockjaw.

If meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis were being renamed, it’s amazing how S. pneumoniae is blatantly mentioned in all of my board prep material as the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia and H. influenzae the most common cause of acute epiglottitis. Whenever he’s trying to argue (I’ve had the pleasure of accidentally talking to him once on twitter), he always says what doctors do and don’t do for differential diagnoses, and is wrong every time. He will flip out when you tell him that’s not how it works. He’s convinced that doctors will ignore signs and symptoms of a vaccine preventable disease in vaccinated individuals, which isn’t even close to what actually happens. Signs and symptoms means just that: signs and symptoms. On top of it, we’re obviously not going to have someone’s entire vaccine history in a hospital, but we’ll add it to a SOAP note if they’re not actively dying and we can ask them in person. Pneumococcal pneumonia and Hib are still up there as expected diagnoses of CAP and meningitis. Sepsis can be caused by many different organisms such as E. coli, and they’re going to test for it. If someone who is young and vaccinated comes in with signs of pneumonia and doesn’t have to be admitted, do you know what we treat them for? You guessed it. Without testing, we automatically assume it’s S. pneumoniae and treat them with macrolides. We are more likely to assume S. pneumoniae than whatever other infection Tristan is thinking we’re trying to secretly sell (or whatever he thinks we’re doing), even though he also somehow simultaneously doesn’t believe in Germ Theory.

Fifth Disease vs. Rubeola (measles) vs. Roseola (and I’ll even throw in HFM for free!)

Parvovirus B19 (fifth disease)

Virus

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Parvovirus

B19 (fifth disease) (Erythema infectiosum)

ssDNA

naked

linear

1/5 childhood rashes; must infect replicating cells (erythroid)

trasmission: oral, respiratory droplets;

Dx: IgM IgG serology; PCR for DNA

no antivirals available; vaccine available for animals only

most adults sero+; resistant naked capsid; shed virus before symptoms; crosses placenta

Measles aka Rubeola

Virus

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Paramyxoviridae

Morbillivirus

Measles AKA rubeola

ssRNA (-) enveloped

measles -> pneumonia, encephalitis, subacute SSPE, CCC&P;

aerosols/

Dx: giant cells from fusion

Vaccine: MMWR (live)

Tx: no antiviral

humans = host;

Unique features: maculopapular rash & Kopliks spots; replicate in RT but spreads thru blood -> disease; can spread cell-cell, avoids Abs

HHV-6 aka Roseola

Virus/Family

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Herpesveridae

Betaherpesviridae

Human Herpesvirus 6

AKA Roseola

dsDNA;

enveloped linear

Appears as prodrome sequence; acute high fever (104 F) followed by classic rash with no other symptoms

Aerosols, saliva, direct contact

self-limiting, CMI

HHV6 also called Roseola or exanthema subitum; rash from activation of Tcells

Coxsackievirus (not synonymous with HFM, which is a clinical presentation)

Virus

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Picornaviridae

Coxsackievirus A

+ssRNA

naked

herpangina; hand foot & mouth; encephalitis, meningitis; carditis, common cold, & more

fecal-oral

Dx: fecal culture; CSF has low neut

pleconaril if early

differ strains -> differ disease; infants highest risk;

Picornaviridae

Coxsackievirus B

+ssRNA

naked

pleurodynia, encephalitis, meningitis; carditis, common cold, & more

fecal-oral

Dx: fecal culture; CSF has low neut

pleconaril if early

differ strains -> differ disease; infants highest risk;

Key differences:

  • He managed to pick organisms that had completely different nucleic acids from one another. This isn’t like he picked related herpesviruses and asked why we don’t usually get confused – he picked viruses that aren’t remotely similar. All he needs now is a retrovirus and he covered about all of the bases
  • HHV-6 will have no other symptoms
  • Why would we even “rename” fifth’s with sixth’s disease when neither one of them has a vaccine?

 

Rashes:

Childhood rashes are distinct from one another.

rashes.jpg

VARICELLA:

  • The pruritic lesions appear in “crops” for about 3-4 days
    • The lesions are characteristically described as “dew drop on a rose petal”
    • Each lesion is considered contagious until a scab forms
    • The “chickenpox” are at different stages of healing 
      • This sets it apart from smallpox – smallpox will never be at different stages of healing! 
  • Spread: From face/trunk to extremities

    Duration: ~1 week

ROSEOLA:

  • Diffuse, splotchy, maculopapular rash that is NOT pruitic
  • This automatically separates it from chickenpox 
    • Rash duration is approximately 24 hours
      • Shorter rash duration than the others
    • leave no scars — unlike chickenpox

    Spread: Very quick – Trunk to extremities and to

    entire body

 

Strep– This is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Strep throat IS tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes. Tonsillitis can be caused by multiple different organisms. Yes, sometimes including vaccine-preventable diseases. This is why we test patients and include multiple differentials. And yes, tristan, we can easily tell a difference.

The general appearance alone can let someone know they’re dealing with strep or diphtheria. However, patients are still going to be swabbed and tested.

 

Diphtheria- pseudomembrane located on throat
Strep throat progression – no pseudomembrane, located on tonsils

 

The same goes for pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

Signs and symptoms with variable causes such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis do not determine pathogen upon diagnosis, but rather a disease presentation. To put this in the explain-it-like-im-five version, If you see “-itis,” that means inflammation. So meningitis means an inflammation of the meninges. Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx, and arthritis is an inflammation of the joints. Some definitions are even more vague, like myalgia. That’s not a disease, that’s a presentation with a slew of different etiologies. That simply means muscle pain. Confusing a pathogen with a presentation is like confusing Van Gogh, the person, with a presentation like impressionism. It doesn’t make an ounce of sense. Streptococcus may be the main etiological agent of pharyngitis, but we still test it if a patient comes in.

 

Whooping cough vs literally every other cough in existence:

How do we know it’s whooping cough and not a different illness?

For starters: “COUGH COUGH COUGH COUGH COUGH COUGH cough cough cough cough cough cough (x 30) WHOOP” for 100 days kinda gives it away.

The clinical presentation and cough are very specific. The first step in the official diagnosis of pertussis is to have suspicion and proper testing:

  • patient with a paroxysmal cough for 14 days or longer and one or more of the following criteria:
    • paroxysmal cough, whoop, or posttussive vomiting.
    • PCR assay or a confirmed epidemiologic link.

Yes, you are going to be tested for it.  Yes, Tristan, even vaccinated kids

Diphtheria can have a variable presentation, so how do we know it’s not a different infection? How do we know it’s not streptococcal or viral pharyngitis or tonsillitis, or Vincent’s angina?

AGAIN: BY TESTING FOR IT!  

This information is straight out of my evil Big Pharma class notes

Diphtheria should be considered in any patient with the following symptoms:

  • tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis with pseudomembrane
  • hoarseness and stridor
  • cervical adenopathy or cervical swelling (bull neck)
  • unilateral bloody nasal discharge or paralysis of the palate

Ruled out by culture and isolation

Different structures:

General structure of Herpesviruses:

Herpesviridae_virion.jpg

These have similar structure and nucleic acid. This is why they’re in the same family. This doesn’t mean they’re the same disease, this means you wouldn’t diagnose it with an electron microscope (which you wouldn’t do anyways). They have completely different presentations and pathogenesis

vs another DNA virus like:

SMALLPOX

Poxviridae_virion.jpg

They are a completely different shape, and smallpox is also very large and can technically be seen with a light microscope

Monkeypox vs smallpox-

Smallpox

Virus/Family

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Poxviridae

Smallpox aka Variola

linear dsDNA

URT & 2nd viremia->rash; prodromal fever then centrifugal, regular rash

fomite or lesion/ Guarnieri body

Vaccine available; VIG 1st; Cidofovir 2nd

very contagious, can go through skin; humans only host

Monkeypox

Monkeypox

poxviridae

linear dsDNA

similar to smallpox, reappearing due to vaccinia

african squirrel-> rodents

US outbreak 2003 from imported rodents & housepets

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that can appear similar at first to smallpox, which would have scared the living hell out of me if I saw that for the first time. But they’re not the same. Sorry, Tristan. Again, to repeat from Part 2: You diagnose smallpox via both the clinical presentation and diagnostic tests testing specifically for the DNA. You would never ever ever ever ever (continued 100x) have a clinical presentation of smallpox without knowing for certain that the person does or doesn’t have smallpox by running specific diagnostic tests. I have to say this because he’s convinced we don’t add vaccine-preventable diseases as part of our differential. And not only would we, but we would be REALLY FUCKING SURE we weren’t dealing with smallpox. Even if you took the most selfish doctor on earth who didn’t care about their patients, they don’t exactly want smallpox either and would report it to save their own ass and their own literal skin. There is no reason to hide a smallpox diagnosis that wouldn’t result in an immediate firing, a lockdown of a hospital, and a country freaking out. Nothing good would come out of hiding a smallpox diagnosis.

 

Monkeypox

First of all, monkeypox is still extremely rare. Tristan never really explained how so many contracted and died of smallpox every year, and a few people here and there have been affected by monkeypox. Weird… where did they all go? Even if his opinion was true (which we all know it’s not), he still doesn’t explain why there was a sudden drop in smallpox to monkeypox. Wow…. weird.

Monkeypox vs smallpox won’t be diagnosed from observation and biopsy. That’s because both involve a similar morbiliform exanthem. Monkeypox in a clinical presentation that’s milder than smallpox and involves a veroliform rash with progression from papules to vesicles, umbilicated pustules, and crusting. We test it with PCR, ELISA, and/or Western blotTristan will say “So? How do you know 100% of smallpox cases were smallpox in the 1600s?” He still doesn’t realize that not only is this a stupid argument (he’s asked this), but it still doesn’t explain how monkeypox was so rampant and where they all went if chickenpox has also dramatically decreased right in front of our fucking eyes right after vaccination was implemented. And it doesn’t explain why we immediately freak out at the idea of smallpox when we’re all in cahoots hiding it under some alternate diagnosis.

Differences: Monkeypox presents with lymphadenopathy and smallpox doesn’t. Also, monkeypox doesn’t transmit the same way as smallpox. Monkeypox is transmitted by typically by contact with infected exotic animal or human-to-human transmission from someone who originally touched an exotic animal. In the United States it’s normally transmitted by prairie dog. Smallpox uh….isn’t exactly transmitted by prairie dogs. I’m not sure if anyone has picked up on that. It’s an extremely rare zoonotic infection. While someone could have easily confused it with smallpox hundreds of years ago, there’s no reason why everyone was getting infected with monkeypox at that time either. It only raises more confusing questions as to what kind of strange things people were doing with prairie dogs and giraffes.

It also doesn’t explain why some cases of monkeypox could be prevented with the smallpox vaccination. They’re similar enough in structure to possibly use one prophylaxis for the other, but how the fuck did it help stop outbreaks if vaccination is all a big giant lie due to to “smallpox being renamed monkeypox?” Magic? It was all renamed chickenpox and …. oh shit, those rates went down too. Tristan will present one giant fail after another.

Smallpox vs severe chicken pox:

 

Smallpox

Virus/Family

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

Poxviridae

Smallpox aka Variola

linear dsDNA

URT & 2nd viremia->rash; prodromal fever then centrifugal, regular rash

fomite or lesion/ Guarnieri body

Vaccine available; VIG 1st; Cidofovir 2nd

very contagious, can go through skin; humans only host

chickenpox-

Virus/Family

Genome

Disease

Transmission/Dx

Tx/Vaccine

Comment

alphaherpesvirus

Varicella

envelop linear dsDNA

chickenpox 1/5 childhood rashes

Aerosol

Dx: rash, PCR, culture

high doses of acyclovir; VZIG-> passive immunity

More dangerous in adults due to higher chance of pneumonia

These aren’t even kind of similar, are BOTH VACCINE PREVENTABLE (Hello?) And confusing the two was only an issue before modern medicine. Maybe it’s still confusing to poor Tristan, but to people with basic cognitive functioning, they’re not even close.

Differences-Between-Chickenpox-and-SmallpoxNot the same characteristic rash, not the same clinical presentation, not even the same virus family. In smallpox, lesions begin on the face and then spread outwardly to the extremities, and all lesions will be in the same stage of development. The rash begins at the scalp and head and spreads to involve the trunk and extremities, and the pustules will be at all different stages.

smallpoxchickenpox.jpg

 

Chickenpox is similar to the same family like HSV, with

Cowdry A or “ground-glass” type inclusions, multinucleated cells, marginated chromatin, and nuclear molding seen under a microscope. Not like smallpox with characteristic Guarnieri bodies.

 

Pertussis vs. H. influenzae

Pertussis and H. influenzae have similar routes of transmission and both cause respiratory infections and otitis media. However, they are also vastly different. Pili is a virulence factor common in gram negative strains that is involved with adhering to host cells, so it’s no surprise that both of them have pili.

Screen Shot 2018-04-20 at 12.23.36 AM

 

 

Iron lung vs respirator :

This one is the funniest to me. No shit, we use more respirators today. How is that an argument? It would take him seconds to google “how does an iron lung work?” And another six seconds to google “why the flying fuck would someone with more money pay out their ass for an iron lung if it worked the same as a respirator?” If one cost more, anyone with a functioning brain would obviously pick the much smaller respirator over a giant iron lung they had to stay in a majority of the day. And none of this has anything to do with hiding new diagnoses, considering that makes no fucking sense. Yes, we have better technology now. Respirators and iron lungs do not heal people – they help lung function and prolong lives.

COPD – these are the patients using the respirators you’re thinking of. It’s usually from smoking. No, this isn’t secretly polio either, considering we’re STILL TREATING ELDERLY POLIO PATIENTS (sorry) and chronic bronchitis is an obstructive lung condition that comes with specific criteria that doesn’t involve the diaphragm being paralyzed. Yes, Tristan, I’m positive.

 

Hepatitis vs the alphabet

– The alphabet is not, in fact, hepatitis. Hepatitis is caused by completely different viruses and is named for their affect on the liver. This isn’t rocket science. HepA is normally acute and is in the same family as Coxsackieviridae. HepB is a herpesvirus. HepC is most likely to turn chronic and is in the same family as Rubella. If you’re confused, use the mnemonic “vowels affect bowels”

 

 

Guillain-Barre Ddx:

  • The paralytic form of rabies shares features with Guillain-Barré syndrome but is clinically distinct because of the presence of myoedema, progression to coma, and urinary incontinence
  • Diphtheric polyneuropathy vs Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS): diptheric polyneuropathy has a slower onset and is more likely to lead to a long term complication or death from diaphragmic paralysis
  • You’re way more likely to get Guillain-Barre from a vaccine-preventable disease than a vaccine

 


Information sources:

  1. Dabbs, David J. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications. Elsevier, 2019
  2. Dukes, M N. G, and Jeffrey Aronson. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. 16th ed., Elsevier Science, 2015.
  3. Farizo KM, Cochi SL, Zell ER, et al: Epidemiological features of pertussis in the United States, 1980-1989. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: pp. 708-719
  4. Goljan, Edward F. Pathology. Saunders/Elsevier, 2014.
  5. Kellerman, Rick D., et al. Conn’s Current Therapy 2018. Elsevier, 2018.
  6. Robbins, Stanley L., et al. Pathologic Basis of Disease. Saunders Elsevier, 2015.

 

Image sources:

  1. http://bacteriologynotes.com/habitat-and-morphology-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  2. http://bacteriologynotes.com/laboratory-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  3. Diphtheria ECG
  4. Case Study: Faucial Diphtheria Complicated with Myocarditis and …

  5. https://www.visual-science.com/projects/science
  6. Oleksiy Maksymenko, Getty Images
  7. https://hoool.com/an-overview-of-strep-throat/http://jvi.asm.org/content/86/23/12571/F2.expansion.html
  8. http://varicellas.com/2015/03/page/30/
  9. Sketchymedicine.com
  10. https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between-chickenpox-and-smallpox/
  11. http://tryptopham.sodoto.net/emrash/
  12. McKinley et al. 1999 Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Incidence, Epidemiology, and Functional Outcome
  13. https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Bordetella-pertussis–SEM-SS2576968.html
  14. https://www.slideshare.net/Prezi22/rash-illness-training

 

Pathophysiology of Vaccine-preventable diseases: Part 2

Viruses are very different. abide to a set of rules:

Rules of Viruses

  • Viruses must replicate to survive.
  • Viruses can’t replicate without a host cell.
  • All viruses replicate using the same basic steps, but the mechanism varies depending on viral makeup. 
    • You and another person may take the same route to work, but one of you is using a bicycle and another is using a car.
  • Viruses need the machinery of the host cell to replicate.
    • And we know that viruses need to replicate to survive.
  • If a protein is vital to the survival of the virus, either the virus genome already encodes it or it will use the host’s code. There are no other options. Examples: polymerase and reverse transcriptase 
    • If it needs something, it’s going to be pre-programmed or you’re going to have it pre-programmed.
  • Larger viruses encode non-vital proteins that help the process of replication. Example: herpes scavenging enzymes 
    • Larger viruses like to encode proteins that help the replication process be more efficient and make less mistakes.

Viruses are weird.  They’re so weird that conspiracies are spread claiming they’re not real, not infective, or man-made. On one hand, I’m not surprised I’m seeing this in the depths of the internet in 2018, considering there are full grown adults who genuinely believe the earth is flat. On the other hand, I can understand their confusion and frustration, as the existence of alive-but-not-alive parasites sounds like exaggerated sci-fi. However, unlike the claims I’m seeing in terms of them being “new,” viruses were here long before modern medicine. They’re not a new, they’re just newly observed and evolve over time to become more infective. Centuries ago, one could still diagnose some viral illnesses based off of the similar clinical presentation and characteristic rashes, but even after Leeuwenhoek’s significant contribution to science, you couldn’t whip out a light microscope to directly observe them. The only viruses that can technically be seen with a light microscope are poxviruses. Even then, you’re going off of tiny inclusion bodies and will not have a detailed view.

While viruses are unique from one another in terms of infectivity, antigens, and appearance, they do share many of the same features. All viruses have nucleic acid and a protein coat called a capsid, which protects that nucleic acid so it can survive in the host and replicate. Naked DNA and RNA are highly susceptible to denaturation and degradation in biological systems. RNA is more finicky than DNA since it has that extra reactive hydroxyl group, which is why we don’t use RNA as the main blueprint for our own bodies and need that RNA “middleman” for transcription and translation. A virus gives less shits than the honey badger, though, in terms of reactivity of nucleic acid and comes in all flavors of single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA. A virus still needs to protect its nucleic acids, so it covers it up in that special capsid coat. This capsid comes in multiple different shapes and sizes, and will either be naked or clothed (called enveloped). Counterintuitively, this envelope makes the virus more susceptible to degradation by heat or acid, making enveloped viruses more susceptible to host defense mechanisms and generally weaker in the enteric (gastrointestinal) tract. In other words,  while some viruses are stronger than others, enveloped viruses will often be destroyed by the stomach if ingested and have a different route they take for infectivity, such as inhalation or sexual intercourse. It doesn’t mean they’re weak viruses, though. One example would be Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV.

The complete virus particle consisting of the nucleic acid and capsid is called the “virion.”

Viral families often share the same general virion structure. For instance, all alpha, beta, and gamma herpesviruses have a pleomorphic icosahedral capsid consisting of 162 capsomers surrounded by an envelope with embedded glycoproteins:

Herpesviridae_virion.jpg
Structure of Herpesviruses (150-200nm in diameter)

This is just a fancy way of saying that they look the same and they’re built with the same general blueprint (so they are related to one another taxonomically), but they act differently from one another in your body and will be recognized differently. In other words, getting infected with genital herpes HSV2 won’t protect you from getting cold sores via HSV1, as they’re not the same virus. So the differences in each virus comes in outer antigens (they’re recognized as different from one another by your body) and pathogenesis.

All viruses have the same general life cycle inside of a eukaryotic host:

Source: Khan Academy

These steps are targeted by antiviral drugs. Of course, the life cycles are a tad more complicated than the general overview shared by all and have a different exit route according to whether or not they have an envelope, which is why one antiviral doesn’t work for every virus (wouldn’t that be nice)

 

Today we can actually observe viruses infecting cells, incorporating their host genome, packaging proteins, and egress.

Virus packaging materials:


So what viruses do/did we vaccinate against?

1. Smallpox:

Smallpox is the textbook example of vaccine prevention, since we almost completely eradicated it (except for the strains available in labs). What was once a horrible disease now ceases to exist, thanks to the discovery of Edward Jenner.

What did it look like?

Poxviridae_virion.jpg

The capsid had complex symmetry, and the overall structure was brick-shaped.

 

How was it transmitted? respiratory droplets

Pathogenesis and Clinical Presentation:

It multiplied in the throat and then entered the bloodstream where it multiplied further in lymph. About 2 weeks after infection the characteristic rash would appear all over the body in the same stage of development (unlike chickenpox). The spots developed into vesicles and then pustules. The result was that the patient was either dead or scarred.

How does it appear under a microscope? You’d see viral inclusion bodies called Guarnieri bodies that are typical for all poxviruses

How would you diagnose it, then? Both clinical presentation and diagnostic tests testing specifically for the DNA such as ELISA and PCR with western blotting. You would never ever ever ever ever (continued 100x) have a clinical presentation of smallpox without knowing for certain that the person does or doesn’t have smallpox by running specific diagnostic tests. Unless you’re a fan of losing your job and having the entire country hating your guts.

Characteristic rash:

2. Influenza

Pathogen:

What does it look like?

it’s an enveloped virus with a ssRNA(-) genome. It is pleomorphic with a filamentous capsid

Incubation period: 1-4 days

Spreads via: respiratory droplets

Who is most vulnerable to major complications from influenza?  adults >65 and children<5 years, health risks: immunocompromised patients or patients with CVD, diabetes, and seizure disorders

Pathogenesis:

Influenza A: A bad flu – Pandemic influenza

Influenza B: causes epidemics and is usually less serious than influenza A, though children are badly affected. The deaths from influenza B infection often come from myocarditis as well as bacterial pneumonia

Influenza C: Sporadic flu, less serious URI

Antigenic drift → leads to small variations in the surface proteins.

  • previous exposure means the person will have partial protection, causing a milder disease.

Antigenic shift → viruses that infect different species infect the same cell and create new viruses during replication with mixed HA and NA antigens.

  • Of the three types of influenza virus (types A, B, C), only influenza type A infects multiple species and hence is the only type in which this occurs.
  • The different HA and NA antigens are given a number subscript, for example H5N1 (avian influenza, or “bird flu”). These new strains, to which no one is immune at first, are what
    cause pandemic flu.

Complications:

  • Most who are immunocompetent will be able to fight off influenza.
  • Bacterial coinfections of S. aureus (“staph”), S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, or H. influenzae occur in approximately 40% – 90% of fatal influenza virus infections.
  • encephalopathy,
  • transverse myelitis
  • Reye syndrome
  • myositis,
  • myocarditis
  • myocardial injury

Signs/Symptoms:

children— Otitis media, nausea, vomiting, and myalgias  (usually soleus and gastrocnemius)

Adults and children: abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, headache, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat and rhinitis.

How does the influenza vaccine work?

There are two ways in which ρ epitope can be used to improve vaccine development. The first is the development of “like” strains, where the value of p epitope  where a similar strain is chosen from several possibilities. It can be used to quantify how close each of the “like” strains is to the desired vaccine strain. This method is difficult, as it is practically impossible to produce in large quantity the exact strain of influenza that is desired for the vaccine, especially in multiple locations across the globe.

The second way in which p epitope can be used is identification of the strains desired to be included in the vaccine. That is, given a list of potential circulating strains, each with probabilities of outbreak for the upcoming year, which vaccine strain minimizes the weighted distance from the potential circulating strains? The value of pepitope can be used to define distance, and so to help choose the closest vaccine strain to the potential circulating strains.


3. Varicella zoster

What does it look like? A typical herpes virus –  an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus with icosahedral capsid

How does it spread? Through respiratory droplets and cutaneous lesions. Varicella is a highly contagious, affecting 90% of a family within two weeks if one member gets sick. Community outbreaks usually occur in late winter and early spring months in temperate regions. Unlike chickenpox, Herpes zoster (“shingles”) is nonseasonal. Before vaccination, it was also a common cause of nosocomial outbreaks 

Incubation period: averages about 2 weeks – can range from 11-20 days after initial exposure

Pathogenesis:

The virus disseminates into skin and mucous membranes, developing the characteristic lesions. Dissemination may spread to other sites, such as the lungs, in immunocompromised individuals. Adults tend to have more severe clinical presentations compared to children. After infection it remains latent in the posterior dorsal root ganglia.

 

Clinical presentation:

The rash begins at the scalp and head and spreads to involve the trunk and extremities. Lesions progress through specific stages of erythematous macules, vesicles, pustules, then crusts.

 

Complications:

Complications in children are common in the immunocompromised. This includes continued lesion development, a very high fever; and visceral involvement. The visceral involvement includes pneumonia (most common complication), meningoencephalitis, and hepatitis. 

 

Untitled picture

Adults with a normal immune system typically present with viral pneumonia – a complication that is 25-fold higher than in children. This develops about 1 – 6 days after the onset of rash. Symptoms include:

  • cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. 

Pregnant women also experience pneumonia, and varicella is known to cause spontaneous abortion from fetal demise or birth complications such as growth restriction and musculoskeletal abnormalities

Fetal death from varicella zoster at 26 weeks
Fetal liver destroyed by varicella zoster

.

Congenital varicella syndrome

4. Rubella

What does it look like?

It’s an  enveloped virus of the togaviridae family with +ssRNA

How does it spread? Through respiratory droplets

Pathogenesis and clinical presentation: Patients present with a rash and arthritis

Screen Shot 2018-04-19 at 11.42.35 PM

It is a known ToRCHeS infection – it is teratogenic, which means it crosses the placenta and causes fetal damage.

Screen Shot 2018-04-19 at 11.54.42 PMIf the fetus survives, a neonate with congenital rubella will present with the characteristic cataracts, blindness, deafness (most common), thrombocytopenia, heart defects, hepatosplenomegaly, and skeletal deformities. There will also be a large amount of IgM in cord blood. The childhood presentation often consists of a fever with lymphadenopathy and rash and sometimes a secondary spread to CNS consisting of progressive rubella panencephalitis. In adults it may present with post-infectious encephalomyelitis and optic neuritis, myelitis, Guillain Barre syndrome.

5. Measles:

What does it look like:

It’s a ssRNA(-) virus of the paramyxoviridae family

 

 

 

 

 

 

How does it affect people?

The measles is the hallmark “it’s just a childhood illness” of anti-vaxxers. They’ll continue to defend their “childhood illness” because it makes them feel less shitty for being personally responsible for every outbreak since the vaccine was introduced.

Them: “Oh yeah, well you vaxxers shed!”

Except vaccinated kids don’t shed the measles. If anti-vaxxers ever stopped to read the vaccine inserts (they never do) rather than talking about it, they would know that the MMR vaccine insert is about 20 pages, not a screenshot downloaded from some crunchy granola site, and specifically states that it doesn’t shed. Whoops!

Them: “Well MMR doesn’t protect very long”

It actually protects for a long time, and anyone can get a booster if they’re concerned. Anti-vaxxers seem to be convinced that no one gets boosters. We do. And MMR is efficient.

The measles vaccine alone saved 15.6 million lives annually worldwide annually from 2000-2013. Think one vaccine can’t make a difference ? Think otherwise. Just one vaccine saved many lives in Maputo: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2486532/

Most importantly, it’s not “just a childhood illness,” it’s extremely contagious and deadly. Japan discovered this the hard way. After taking MMR out of the required childhood vaccines, Japan had 200,000 cases of the measles and 88 deaths in just the year 2000 alone: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673604167159/fulltext

This fit in perfectly with expectations from older peer reviewed science where they first started noticing a trend: https://www.med.nagoya-u.ac.jp/medlib/nagoya_j_med_sci/5514/v55n14p23_32.pdf). Herd immunity is determined via math, so it’s not surprising that they could predict a trend. Japan has been so affected by the measles that they lost a reported $404 million to measles treatment in comparison to vaccination, which costs $165 million https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217873/ Normally it costs the government money to vaccinate (I get mine for free), but not paying for so many measles-induced hospitalizations would had saved them hundreds of millions of dollars. And it was all for nothing. Regardless of fear-mongering, the autism rate in Japan continued to rise as MMR went down: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01425.x/abstract

Another common antivaxxer myth:

Measles can be cured with Vitamin A!” (e.g “No doctor wants to tell you…”)

Vitamin A can potentially help shorten the duration of the illness and even stop measles progression in many circumstances, and this isn’t some special secret. I’ve never met a single doctor who was “anti-vitamin A.”

Here are the problems:

  1. Why expose yourself to the measles toxin when we have a safe way to prevent it?
  2. Taking copious amounts of vitamin A is toxic, as it’s a fat soluble vitamin. This can lead to cerebral edema and liver damage.
  3. It still doesn’t mean you’re safe. Vitamin A isn’t a cure, but it is recommended for those who have just been diagnosed.

Personally, I prefer prevention rather than simply tossing drugs at people, as anti-vaxxers seem to prefer. Overall, vitamin A can aid in the progression of measles as any healthcare professional will tell you, but it is not a “proven cure,” and is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning you don’t simply excrete it in the urine like you would with vitamin C. It can be toxic. Someone giving their child a ton of vitamin A in attempts to cure their measles without the help of a medical professional could subsequently kill them. It makes a lot more sense to simply not get the measles and also not contribute to increasing cases of the measles.

But if Vitamin A helps the measles, that means the measles is a nutritional deficiency!

This seems to be a popular idea among those who are anti-Germ Theory (I still laugh typing that out). That’s not how the immune system works. Eating healthy and exercising can help your immune system function well, but it’s not a cure. Any doctor out there will ask their patients to eat healthy and exercise. This isn’t a secret either. Back in the “good old days,” we didn’t have processed food. Think about the logic there if it’s supposedly a nutritional deficiency.

Anti-vaxxers: “Well, it’s so rare in the United States it’s not like my child is at risk anyways!”

Your unvaccinated special snowflake is actually 35x more likely to contract the measles compared to their vaccinated friends. When measles was prevalent in the pre-vaccine era, most people experienced infection by the age of 20, and 90% of these reported cases were seen in those kids younger than 10 years old. Your child is highly at risk of contracting the measles.

So how does it spread so easily? It spreads through small-particle aerosols and, unlike many other viruses, can remain infectious for several hours at low relative humidity. It has caused secondary infections in the absence of face-to-face contact with an index case.

Incubation period: about 9-14 days (may be longer in adults)

Fatality: Lower in developed countries and as high as 25% in some developing countries. Most of these deaths result from respiratory tract involvement and/or neurologic complications.

Pathogenesis and Clinical presentation:

Spreads through the respiratory tract and consists of two stages: Viremic and a second phase of viremia that’s either prodromal or involves dissemination. The disseminated phase can involve the respiratory tract, gut, bile duct, and bladder and spread to lymphoid organs. The typical measles virus–induced giant cells may be present in the tonsils, appendix, other lymphoid organs, and various epithelial surfaces, including those of the respiratory tract. In a typical case, symptoms start similar to a cold. Photophobia (sensitivity to light) usually develops by the second day. Soon, Koplik’s spots develop, small ~2mm macules with a central white dot, will be found around the area of the parotid duct. By the fourth day, these are usually gone and an erythematous rash develops behind the ears. This becomes maculopapular and spreads from the face down the body over the trunk and libs. The fever will increase. The person will typically get better a few days later, but a slew of complications can develop such as an ear infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE- a horrible progressive inflammation in the brain), diabetes, and thrombocytopenic purpura. The most common cause of death in young children is from the measles is pneumonia, which affects about 1/20 of those who contract it. 1/1000 develop SSPE, especially in cases involving younger children. For every 1,000 children who get the measles, 1-2 will die. What can help the measles? Vaccination. Before vaccination, there were about 50 cases of SSPE annually. Now there are only 1 or 2 cases annually.

Pasted Graphic 3 Pasted Graphic 6

Important facts about the measles: 

  • As many as one out of every 20 children with measles gets pneumonia, the most common cause of death from measles in young children.
  • About one child out of every 1,000 who get measles will develop encephalitis (swelling of the brain) that can lead to convulsions and can leave the child deaf or with intellectual disability.
  • For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will die from it.

Information sources:

  1. Dabbs, David J. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications. Elsevier, 2019
  2. Dukes, M N. G, and Jeffrey Aronson. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. 16th ed., Elsevier Science, 2015.
  3. Farizo KM, Cochi SL, Zell ER, et al: Epidemiological features of pertussis in the United States, 1980-1989. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: pp. 708-719
  4. Goljan, Edward F. Pathology. Saunders/Elsevier, 2014.
  5. Kellerman, Rick D., et al. Conn’s Current Therapy 2018. Elsevier, 2018.
  6. Robbins, Stanley L., et al. Pathologic Basis of Disease. Saunders Elsevier, 2015.

 

Image sources:

  1. http://bacteriologynotes.com/habitat-and-morphology-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  2. https://sonoworld.com/Fetus/Case.aspx?CaseId=604&answer=1
  3. http://bacteriologynotes.com/laboratory-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  4. Diphtheria ECG
  5. Case Study: Faucial Diphtheria Complicated with Myocarditis and …

  6. https://www.visual-science.com/projects/science
  7. Oleksiy Maksymenko, Getty Images
  8. https://hoool.com/an-overview-of-strep-throat/http://jvi.asm.org/content/86/23/12571/F2.expansion.html
  9. http://varicellas.com/2015/03/page/30/
  10. Sketchymedicine.com
  11. https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between-chickenpox-and-smallpox/
  12. http://tryptopham.sodoto.net/emrash/
  13. McKinley et al. 1999 Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Incidence, Epidemiology, and Functional Outcome
  14. https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Bordetella-pertussis–SEM-SS2576968.html
  15. https://sonoworld.com/fetus/page.aspx?id=153
  16. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/168/5/561?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=CMAJ_TrendMD_1

 

Pathophysiology of vaccine-preventable diseases: Part 1

Every now and then, I’ll scroll through my feed to see a giant red headline that has the word “truth” flashing at me somewhere in the title, such as  “Truth Doctors Won’t Tell You About ‘Deadly’ Childhood Diseases!” The article’s overall point will be scoffing at the notion of acquired infections, claiming how they’re simply childhood illnesses overdramatized by Big Pharma, without noticing the coincidental nature of presenting this information through histrionics and false statements. One of the funniest overused tactics to me is a baby covered in needles, as if doctors are treating children like tiny human pincushions:

I’d be terrified, too, if a bunch of needles were simultaneously injected into various places in my arm with no warning or reason. Most parents have seen their baby get vaccinated at this point, and those of us on planet earth know it looks like this, instead:

Okay, the baby being calm and collected while they get vaccinated might be a tad exaggerated.

Sticking multiple needles into a child as a fear-tactic is like taking anti-vaxxers’ Starbucks cups over 18 years, pouring the gallons in a giant jug, and claiming that’s how much coffee they get on the regular. Not to mention, most of us without aichmophobia are well aware that diseases are scarier than needles. I know a number of people personally who frequently use needles for their chronic conditions. Needles are sometimes used even for family planning.

Here’s a realistic look at the difficulties many experience while trying to conceive through vitro fertilization:

source                                                                               source

Want to include all evil drugs by Big Pharma and not just injections?

Anti-vaxxers, meet the reality of cystic fibrosis:

Source

I don’t think I’m met a single person with a terminal condition who is anti-vaccine. While there’s a real world of chronic illness, pain, and deadly infectious diseases, there are still affluent families that remain clueless and whip out headlines like this:

Screen Shot 2018-04-04 at 11.48.49 PM

Congratulations. Gold star for you. Other moms are.

I also have a feeling that if I click on most of these headlines, my computer will end up with a greater number of viruses than one would acquire sharing needles at Woodstock, which is perhaps the point they were trying to make. “See you could get your computer fixed! I’m sure your body will be fine!” It is both horrifying and amazing that we live in a time that has progressed so much in the field of medicine that rich white parents in suburban California are now willingly choosing to avoid vaccination because they’ve been privileged enough to never witness it.

I’ve only personally experienced the “typical childhood” disease, chickenpox, while just a century ago parents were burying their eighth child from diphtheria after watching them slowly suffocate and die without having any control over the situation. The difference is being born later. I consider myself extremely lucky, though I’m not looking forward to the shingles.


You may have heard that kids are exposed to more pathogens in one day then they’ll receive in a lifetime of vaccination. This is true. Kids who aren’t born with a primary immune deficiency such as X-linked SCID can certainly handle antigens. Our immune systems can recognize 10 7 –10 9 different antigens, which is mind-boggling to me. That’s a lot more than you’ll ever get in any vaccine.

Antigens, in terms of vaccination, are recognizable and  unique parts of a specific bacteria or virus that your immune system uses as a blueprint to create new antibodies. The next time your body is introduced to the organism, through either a subsequent/booster vaccine or the real deal, you will fight it quicker and more efficiently. After vaccination, the antigen is picked up by antigen presenting cells (APCs). APCs will ingest the antigen and vomit tiny bits of it out to display it on tiny microscopic kabob. Dendritic cells, a type of APC, will migrate to the draining lymph nodes to present the antigen to T cells. Antigens can also be brought to draining lymph nodes by subscapular macrophages to the B-cell zone. Either way, even if antigen is presented to T cells, most vaccines (especially killed vaccines) have a tendency to influence humoral more than cell-mediated immunity.

Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, which differ from our cells (eukaryotic). Bacteria are tiny unicellular organisms that reproduce a lot quicker than we do, have different wall structures, and don’t have membrane-bound organelles. Most of the time they use our body as a host to grow and flourish. Other times they try to invade. We even use their features to our advantage at times. I use E. coli all  the time in the lab. E. coli is chosen as the staple bacterium in a microbiology lab because they’re the rabbits of the bacteria world. They can double the population in 20 minutes. They breed so quickly that they can technically populate faster than they can replicate.

Bacteria not only have their host genome, but they have a second set of small, circular DNA called a plasmid. This plasmid is like a set of game cheat codes. Through the plasmid they get virulence factors, resistance, and sex pili.

Bacteria have been evolving for a very, very, very long time. I was taught incorrectly about evolution growing up, and I always associated evolutionary advancement with large, complex beings like humans. Bacteria are also evolutionarily advanced. They’ve been here longer than we have. Over time pathogens that infect humans have developed ways to evade our body’s defenses. Sometimes they have virulence factors that directly harm the host. Other times they’ll hide inside of our own cells. Sometimes they’ll even release signals to our cells that calm down our immune system. We’ve seen their ability to evade antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin.

 

So why do we vaccinate? Because vaccination presents the antigen without the infection. It’s like giving your immune system a 3D print to use for antibodies. You have many different types of antibodies, but the one that is released upon first exposure to an organism is IgM, which is a very large and is made up of five different antibodies bound together. IgG is released upon second exposure, and is one antibody. It is the type of antibody that is tiny enough to cross the placenta as well. IgG means a faster, more efficient antibody response with more evolvement of the adaptive immune system. So when you’re exposed to the antigen for real, your body already knows how to fight it.


What bacteria have available vaccines in the US?

1. H. influenzae

Why it’s so dangerous:  Young children under the age of 2 are particularly susceptible to H. influenzae, and this form of meningitis can cause death in less than one day.

Possible confusion: some may be confused between serotypes of H. influenzae. Serotype B is the encapsulated serotype known for causing meningitis. Other serotypes can still be dangerous by causing bronchitis/pneumonia, but are more likely to cause otitis media.

Why are encapsulated organisms more likely to cause meningitis? 

Activators of the alternative compliment system are not in CNS. The compliment system is a cascade of natural host responses to combat an invading pathogen. It can use a classical pathway, but sometimes involves other alternative pathways, but with the same overall effect. The compliment system involves signaling other immune cells to come help out, neutralizing the pathogen so it’s less toxic, labeling the pathogen to be destroyed, and the final step of literally poking a hole in the organism called the “membrane attack complex.” Organisms that have a capsule are susceptible to the membrane attack complex. Think of a medication capsule:

This capsule prevents the organism from being swallowed by macrophages (a type of APC). Once you poke a hole in most encapsulated organisms, they’re not going to stay around to breed — they get eaten. They’re pretty weak without that capsule. However, one’s CNS doesn’t have the same complement system, so the encapsulated bacteria that survive the rest of the body will then be able to wreak havoc on someone’s central nervous system. It’s bad enough for adults, much less in toddlers.

 

Pathogenesis:

The infection can be endogenous or exogenous. This means that it can start from either inside your body or you contract it from another sick individual. So H. influenzae is often found as part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract. It’s not a rare bacteria at all.  And just like your roommate, sometimes organisms that live with you decide one day to stab you in the back. Bacteria in the pharynx invade the lymph/blood and then travel to the meninges. The bacteria will spread throughout the central nervous system and sometimes take a detour to bones and joints.

The power of vaccination: 

  • Vaccination has reduced invasive disease rates by 99%
  • Before vaccination, 1/200 children used to develop pertussis by the age of 5. Those who are most susceptible are young children <2 y.o, as this is the age most likely to develop meningitis. Children 2-5 are more likely to develop symptoms of epiglottitis and pneumonia
  • The risk of serious infection for unvaccinated children younger than 4 years of age living with an index case is more than 500x that of unexposed children. This risk indicates a need for protection of susceptible contacts
“The decline in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis in association with the introduction of new vaccines is shown. Note also the steady state of the other major causes of childhood meningitis; they did not increase to “fill in the gap” nor did H influenzae invasive disease caused by other serotypes.”

Evolution of the H. influenza vaccine: If vaccines were all about money in a giant government conspiracy, we wouldn’t be seeing the same government losing money in grants for a better alternatives for vaccines that already exist. H. influenza is no exception to this. The first vaccine, a purified PRP vaccine, came out in 1985. Why did they change it? The immune system of infants didn’t create the desired cell-mediated immune response, so it was only slightly effective, and the age group that had the lowest immune response was also the age group particularly susceptible to contracting meningitis. So a new protein conjugate vaccine was created for use in 1989 that linked PRP to proteins that would create an immune response. This became the universal vaccine  by the end of 1990.

Life before vaccination: 1/200 children used to develop Hib by the age of 5
MC invasive form: meningitis, usually <2 y.o
Children 2-5: MC epiglottis and pneumonia
meningitis

 

2. Diphtheria

Pathogen: Bacteria- Corynebacterium diphtheriae

What does it look like?

  • consists of a non-motile, non-capsulated, non-
    spore-forming aerobic bacillus.
  • Gram-positive, but easily decolourized during the staining procedure
  • On microscopy, C. diphtheriae exhibits considerable pleomorphism, setting it apart from other species
  • The arrangement of organisms on a smear often resembles “Chinese letters,” which are unique to diphtheriae

INCUBATION PERIOD: 2–5 days

WHO IS MOST AT RISK? Diphtheria tends to affect young children

How is it diagnosed?

Diphtheria is detected by culture and simple screening tests, as pathogenic diphtheriae produce cystinase instead of  pyrazinamide. This will be seen as a brown halo around colonies in a modified Tinsdale’s agar. This is all just a very fancy way of saying that diphtheria produces a type of enzyme that allows us to diagnose it if we use agar with special chemicals that make the action of the specific enzyme stand out with a brown color.

Signs often include: pseudomembranes, foul odor, lymphadenitis, edema (depends on type)

OTHER UNIQUE SIGNS/SYMPTOMS – a result of the exotoxin’s effects on epithelial cells.

HALLMARK OF DIPHTHERIA: The grey-white pseudomembranes (similarly to what is seen in the colon with a C. diff infection)

The pseudomembrane is made up of cell debris and fibrin along with leukocytes and bacteria. It adheres to underlying tissues, but bleeds if you try to remove it. The disease is classified according to location.

 

How does diphtheria kill, and why are we so concerned about it, if it’s just a swollen neck and really bad breath?

Because of the Diphtheria exotoxin. This is a a 62 000 Da polypeptide (a fancy way of saying a protein) that includes two segments “A” and “B”:

  • A- this is the active toxin
    • This catalyzes a reaction that inactivates our tRNA in that cell by binding to something called “elongation factor 2” (EF-2)
      • EF-2 is needed to transfer codes from mRNA to tRNA to make proteins
      • If it’s inactivated, it stop protein sythesis
  • B- this is the binding segment that allows toxin A to enter the cells by binding on the membrane

complications of the exotoxin:

  • The most common toxic complications of diphtheria are myocarditis  and neuritis.
  • Malignant diphtheria has a mortality rate as high as 50% during the acute phase
    • they are likely to die from the remote effects of the toxin. For example, sudden cardiac death can occur up to 8 weeks following the acute disease.
    • The bullneck is not just a typical presentation of diphtheria, but it’s also a huge predictor of the development of myocarditis, which takes place in 2/3 of severe cases.
      • The mortality rate of diphtheritic myocarditis is about 50%.
  • 10–20% of cases lead to neurotoxicity.
    • These complications develop ~3-8 weeks after symptoms first start. It often begins with paralysis of the soft palate (the roof of your mouth that is softer and closer to your throat), which will present itself with a “nasally” voice and regurgitation of fluids through the nose.
    • Paralysis continues, leading to blurred vision and cranial nerves IXth, Xth, VIIth greatly affected. Unlike other forms of paralysis, Neurological deficits seem to be disorganized, with cranial nerve deficits improving while peripheral nerve deficits worsen.When neurotoxicity develops, this often leads to quadriparesis and death from respiratory failure from paralysis of respiratory muscles the throat (larynx) closing.
      • Limb weakness occurs in about 50% of those with neuropathy.
      • Sensory deficits and autonomic dysfunction are other common manifestations
    • 7–10% of moderate/severe cases develop polyneuritis.
    • The exotoxin will lead to segmental degeneration of the myelin sheath. In severe cases, axons will degenerate.
    • Unlike Guillain–Barré , as high as 41% of those with diphtheric polyneuropathy still couldn’t work a year after contracting the disease. Antitoxin is also largely inaffective in preventing neuropathy

 

3. Whooping cough

Pathogen: Bordatella pertussis

What does it look like? It’s a small, aerobic (it survives in lots of oxygen which is why it likes the respiratory tract), gram-negative rod. 

How is it spread? Through respiratory droplets. It’s extremely contagious, and about  80% of people in a household will contract it if one person is affected

Who is most at risk? The population most at risk from dying of a pertussis infection are unvaccinated infants younger than 6 months of age

Why is vaccination important? According to epidemiological studies, It occurs most commonly in nonimmunized or only partially immunized children, and a large percentage of individuals have to be vaccinated for herd immunity to take place. It’s is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. Immunity to the “natural” B. pertussis infection anti-vaxxers boast about isn’t permanent. Vaccination extends immunity, protects the community, and prevents the illness.

Speaking of epidemiological studies, how often do people die of whooping cough annually? There ~16 million pertussis cases and ~195,000 deaths in children annually.  WHO has estimated that global vaccination against pertussis in 2008 prevented about 687,000 deaths. When vaccination rates drop, pertussis increases. There were about 48,277 reported cases in 2012 in the United States, which sparked education about vaccines. Thankfully, reported cases dropped to about 20,762 in 2015.

Pathogenesis and Clinical presentation

Whooping cough involves a lot of toxins and virulence factors. These include:

pertussis toxin (PT): Disrupts signal transduction, which instigates lymphocytosis, affects  insulin secretion, and enhances the host’s sensitivity to histamine

tracheal cytotoxin: Consists of a sugar and protein derived from their cell well

  • kills respiratory epithelium with IL-1 and nitric oxide (an inflammatory signaling molecule and a vasodilator)

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and agglutinogens: Help the bacteria attach to the throat

adenylate cyclase: ↑ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

  • This results in inhibition of APC function (specifically neutrophils) and apoptosis (programmed cell death)

pertactin (PRN):

  • An adhesin with a similar action to adenylate cyclase, inhibiting APC function and allowing cell attachment

 

The bacteria first attach to the epithelium of the respiratory tract, produce toxins that will paralyze the motile cilia, which interferes with clearing mucous and other respiratory secretions, leading to a persistent cough  and inflammation. B. pertussis can evade host machinery by promoting lymphocytosis while impairing chemotaxis. This means you’ll produce many immune cells, but they’ll have trouble getting to the site they need to, which increases inflammation as well as “distracts” the body from fighting the infection. The bacteria can also hide in macrophages that hang out in your alveoli.

There are also specific steps to a pertussis infection: inoculation → attachment → Dividing cells and producing virulence factors → evading host defenses → tissue damage → clearance of disease, chronic illness, or death

It’s called the “hundred day cough” for a reason. There is also a specific clinical course of whooping cough that consist of the following:

 

  • Incubation period: usually 7 to 10 days, but can range from 4 to 21 days.
    • The person is asymptomatic
  • Catarrhal: (1-2 weeks)
    • The onset is typically insidious and is usually assumed to be a cold
      • Sneezing, fever, rhinitis, mild cough
  • Paroxysmal stage: 1 to 6 weeks, but can persist up to 10
    • A person is most contagious during this period
    • Presents as frequent coughing followed by characteristic “whoop” sound
    • Vomiting and passing out
  • Convalescence: can range from weeks to months
    • Subsequent respiratory infections are common

 

Diagnosis: Nasopharyngeal culture is the gold standard

Treatment: Vaccination is the most important factor for prevention. Treatment may shorten the duration of the course if treated early – usually macrolides. Otherwise, if it’s caught too late, there’s not much that can be done other than treating symptoms and waiting

Complications: Whooping cough often leads nutrient loss from loss of appetite, otitis media, and dehydration. The most common serious complication of a pertussis infection is pneumonia. Pneumonia can either be caused by B. pertussis infection itself or co-infection with other respiratory pathogens – usually RSV.  In infants, the hypoxia caused by frequent bouts of oxygen deprivation from coughing along with the toxins can lead to neurologic complications such as seizures and encephalopathy. Complications can also stem from high pressure.. This includes collapsed lungs, serious nosebleeds, brain bleeds, hernias, and rectal prolapse.

Here’s a real look at whooping cough: 

 

 



 Information sources:

  1. Dabbs, David J. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications. Elsevier, 2019
  2. Dukes, M N. G, and Jeffrey Aronson. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. 16th ed., Elsevier Science, 2015.
  3. Farizo KM, Cochi SL, Zell ER, et al: Epidemiological features of pertussis in the United States, 1980-1989. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: pp. 708-719
  4. Goljan, Edward F. Pathology. Saunders/Elsevier, 2014.
  5. Kellerman, Rick D., et al. Conn’s Current Therapy 2018. Elsevier, 2018.
  6. Robbins, Stanley L., et al. Pathologic Basis of Disease. Saunders Elsevier, 2015.

 

Image sources:

  1. http://bacteriologynotes.com/habitat-and-morphology-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  2. http://bacteriologynotes.com/laboratory-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
  3. Diphtheria ECG
  4. Case Study: Faucial Diphtheria Complicated with Myocarditis and …

  5. https://www.visual-science.com/projects/science
  6. Oleksiy Maksymenko, Getty Images
  7. https://hoool.com/an-overview-of-strep-throat/http://jvi.asm.org/content/86/23/12571/F2.expansion.html
  8. http://varicellas.com/2015/03/page/30/
  9. Sketchymedicine.com
  10. https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between-chickenpox-and-smallpox/
  11. http://tryptopham.sodoto.net/emrash/
  12. McKinley et al. 1999 Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Incidence, Epidemiology, and Functional Outcome
  13. https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Bordetella-pertussis–SEM-SS2576968.html

God Does Not Hate You For Vaccinating

I’ve experienced quite a number of pros and cons associated with religion as a pastor’s kid, from members complaining about my pants to staff members stealing from the offering plate. My dad had a pretty big church that dwindled down after he left my mother for a woman he met online. Honestly, I think most mega-churches could star a role in a reality television drama with what went on behind the scenes. Let’s just say I haven’t been back to church in awhile.

Understandably, while growing up in that kind of environment, I’ve developed some peeves when it comes to religion. No, I’m not anti-Christianity either. Since I like to be inclusive, one peeve I’ve developed with atheists online is seeing some mock others online for metaphysical concepts, as if the existence of science has truly nullified the possible existence of a supernatural being. I’ve seen way too many people admitted with suicidal ideation by now to stoop to a level of mocking someone else for simply being religious. If you want to believe in God, in the force, or in a flying spaghetti monster, if you’re not hurting those around you, then great.

But let’s get back to why I’m writing this article in the fist place. One thing that really bugs me when it comes to mainstream Christianity is a need some individuals have to control others’ viewpoints by giving them a spiritual ultimatum that… doesn’t actually exist. While I know manipulation isn’t somehow unique to religion, and I’m not going to pretend otherwise, it is a “hot button” issue for me personally witnessing it a number of times. On most occasions, it was coming from someone in a leadership position, such as the pastor of a church or a famous public speaker. This was anything from a pastor shaming people for their political vote, to a husband telling his wife to “submit” to him, to a youth pastor shaming teen girls for their breasts developing and asking them to wear a shirt at the pool or “boys would stumble.” Regardless, it would involve his/her personal beliefs presented as God’s truth. And that’s dangerous.

American Association of Christian Counselors defines religious abuse as:Spiritual abuse is the use of faith, belief, and/or religious practices to coerce, control, or damage another for a purpose beyond the victim’s well-being.”

The National Association of Spiritual Recovery further expounds on this: “The use of spiritual truths or biblical texts to do harm is another form of spiritual abuse…even if what is said is a quote from the Bible, even if ‘submission’ and ‘obedience’ [e.g] are in a general sense virtues. It is the twisting of good things in order to do harm that is so disturbing about this kind of abuse.

So why am I talking about spiritual abuse? I saw an article that angered the living daylights out of me, having a click-bait headline that drew in Christian readers and then gave them an ultimatum in choosing between God and vaccines, as if the two are polar opposites. The term “abuse” doesn’t have to mean a physical altercation. It doesn’t have to mean someone gets PTSD. Her entire article is presented as a false dilemma fallacy, which is a manipulative fallacy that, in this case, could create feelings of guilt and fear that would not otherwise be there if she wasn’t implying that God thinks vaccinating is a sin.  In other words, a person may not merely be swayed by an opinion that was presented fallaciously, but may subsequently struggle spiritually and emotionally if they are feeling guilty for previously vaccinating, or are now feeling like they have to decide between God and vaccination.

Let me show you how it started off:

We need to talk. If you are not a Christian, this post is not for you. I still love you. I still accept you. I don’t know what you believe and I’m not trying to convince you to believe otherwise. People who practice other religions … I am not well versed in the art of your faith, so you’ll find little help in this post.
No judgment here, but I need to speak to my Jesus peeps. You see, there’s this little thing called a religious exemption and it’s being threatened. A religious exemption is offered in 47 states and gives you the right to opt out of vaccinations if it is objectionable to your faith … and in case you’re wondering, it is objectionable to our faith.
If you’re a Christian, you should care.

We all have personal opinions. I am pro-vaccine due to not only my educational background, but actually witnessing children succumb to vaccine-preventable diseases.  I have worked five years in a hospital and I have never seen a single incidence of a “vaccine injury,” other than a fever. And while I feel nothing but anger towards people like her for spreading an ideology that directly harms others, and while I have had horrible experiences when it comes to religion, I have still never felt the need to stoop to such a low level that I would claim God doesn’t love someone anymore (even indirectly) because they don’t agree with me. First of all, because I don’t believe that, and second of all because that is textbook manipulation.

I need to clarify that I’m not pretending that I am somehow better than others because I have studied this topic for years and have experience in a hospital setting. People tend to infer an appeal to authority when someone mentions he/she has a background in the field being debated.  In reality, I am aware that someone can pick up a textbook and teach themselves, and I’d love to have a real detailed discussion about vaccination with someone who is against it one day (I just haven’t had that opportunity, considering I’ve never met one who knows what they’re talking about). What I’m trying to express is that the topic of vaccination isn’t something I merely stumbled upon while reading her post, but is very important to me for multiple reasons. This isn’t a sensitive topic for just her, it’s also a sensitive topic for me as well. Likewise, she is allowed to have her opinion and share it with others, and my problem with her blogpost isn’t simply because she disagrees with me. If I have learned anything as a pastor’s kid, I learned that it’s possible to share one’s opinion – even a harsh opinion– without using religious threats and emotional tactics. If you have to convince someone to be on your side by claiming their worth as a Christian or human being is at stake instead of having an actual argument, you may want to rethink the way you handle arguments.


I can’t predict the future (usually), but let me tell you what’s going to happen if you choose not to care. First, they’ll go after the philosophical exemption. It’s the easiest exemption to get and the easiest exemption to get rid of. Next, they’ll start infringing upon the religious exemption claiming things like, religious objectors are not constitutionally exempt from vaccinations.” They’ll tell you (like in New York) that you can get a religious exemption but you’ll have to use the magic words and hope that the person who probably doesn’t believe in God and knows nothing about your faith is having a good day. In other states, health departments are magically “misplacing” the exemption cards they’re required to have on hand – the same one your child needs to attend school. Eventually, they’ll do away with the religious exemption all together like California, West Virginia, and Mississippi already have. Your only recourse will be to homeschool. When enough people start homeschooling … they’ll come after you and your kids too.

They’ll come after your kids? Just a tad overdramatic from a school asking your child to get their vaccinations up to date. Her first point was a slippery slope fallacy, and then she goes into Sith Lord mode, separating pro-vaccination as the out-group and Christianity as the in-group. An “us” vs “them,” if you will.

First, who is “they?” Why is she singling out “us” from “them,” considering when according to available demographics, her assumption is not supported and those against vaccination are not primarily one religion? I really tried to find anything that backed up her opinions.  I couldn’t even find it an accepted belief among specific groups in Christianity  that are stereotypically “old-fashioned” such as orthodox protestant. Considering 84% of conservatives seem to support vaccination, even coming from the perspective she’s shared in previous blogs of her religion being associated with her political party (in-group homogeneity), the anti-vaccine movement doesn’t seem to be polarized according to either specific religion OR party affiliation. In other words, while she’s making it seem as if religious exemptions are only given to Christians and Christians are the only ones trying to get exempted from vaccination in the first place, this doesn’t seem to be the case at all.  Even if we looked at other parts of the world, I couldn’t find studies that supported her assumption. My point is that matter how much I try to find evidence that can support her opinion that requiring vaccinations is somehow persecuting Christians (unless we’re including the “Christian Scientists” cult) there is really no way to extrapolate “Christians = anti-vaccine” from available data I’ve seen, and I’m sure she knows this already or she wouldn’t be writing a blogpost to convince Christians not to vaccinate.

The reason I’m mentioning all of this is because I want to highlight how she is using GroupThink tactics in her very first paragraph, to make her intended audience feel a part of her group, as if they’re vigilantes fighting against the “others.” She makes it seem as if Christianity and your local health department are engaging in spiritual battles like something out of a reject book from Tolkien. It would be one thing if she backed up her assumptions (e.g “who probably doesn’t believe in God.”) with any stats whatsoever on personal beliefs among health department or pediatric office employees who are promoting vaccination, but she didn’t. It would be on thing if she backed up her assumptions that the government is persecuting Christians by denying religious exemptions, but she didn’t. In fact, the links that she provided showed quite a bit of evidence to the contrary.

Ms. Check said she rejected vaccination after her daughter was ‘intoxicated’ by a few shots during infancy, which she said caused an onslaught of food and milk allergies, rashes and infections. Combined with a religious revelation she had during the difficult pregnancy, she said, the experience turned her away from medicine. Now she uses holistic treatments.”

Ms. Check has no evidence to point support that her daughter being “intoxicated” by shots (though it sounds like a different kind of intoxication may have been involved). Ms. Check says she had a religious revelation. Let’s have her quote express a different perspective, shall we?

“Mrs. Smith says she rejected organic food after her daughter was “intoxicated” by the pesticides, which she said caused an onslaught of food and milk allergies, rashes, and infections. Combined with a direct revelation from God, she said the experience turned her away from organic plants and to pepperoni pizza.” 

If your first thought is “uh…you sure about that ‘revelation?'” then you’re starting to see how claiming you were visited by an angel or had a huge revelation from God could be rather difficult to support in terms of religious exemptions. It’s our constitutional right to be able to worship without fearing the government is going to take us away or hurt us. Fear of going to a church/mosque/synagogue and being killed for it is a reality in other parts of the world. Having the free exercise of religion is quite an important right that our founding fathers gave us. Thomas Jefferson wasn’t part of one single religion and still found it in our best interest to be able to worship and practice our own. This is already a really good thing. And in addition to our freedom to worship, citizens can fight for religious exemption from practicing what they believe goes against their religion – even if they’re full of crap and are just trying to get out of gym class. You can be the only one in your religion who believes this, and still have the right to fight for it.

However, as US citizens, we are also expected to pay taxes and abide to laws. You can fight this, but it doesn’t mean you’re going to win. While I’d love to claim that my religion of “Moneyarian” prohibits me from paying taxes or getting a jail sentence for robbing a bank, as US citizens, we aren’t given whatever we ask simply because we don’t like it- even if you personally can back it up with scripture (e.g “ask and it shall be given to you”). That’s not how reality works.

Vaccination isn’t a religion, isn’t part of a religion, and isn’t adhered to or rejected by specific religious demographics.

I know vaccination truly being part of a religion may not be something pertinent to the legality of fighting for a religious exemption, since you can still claim it goes against your personal beliefs, but I do think it’s important to mention in case anyone is feeling personally victimized by vaccination being mandatory. As I previously mentioned, one interesting thing about the anti-vaccine movement is that it is not just “the liberals” or “the conservatives” or “the christians” or “the atheists.” It seems to counterintuitively avoid polarization among any group of individuals other than rich white people. Affluent whiteness is not the pinnacle of Christian doctrine (though some may think that).

I know many who hate religion claim that Christianity and medicine opposites, but I’ve worked enough with Christian doctors and nurses to know otherwise. Even throughout history, Christianity played a major role in sparking the field of nursing back in the Middle Ages. My own field of osteopathic medicine (D.O. in the us, not an osteopath) was burgeoned by a pastor’s kid. I sacrificed my 20’s to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars in money I don’t have to one day maybe save a life. Because the value of human life is that important to me. That’s not anti-Christian doctrine.

This is my own personal opinion, so take it with a grain of salt: I believe claiming that mandatory vaccination goes against Christianity is abusing the system. While she claims that Christians should be scared that “they” will take away “our” religious exemptions, abusing her rights by claiming it’s her religion that disagrees and not simply her personal opinions will certainly not help that. The courts aren’t in charge of determining whether a personal belief actually falls in line with someone’s religion by bringing in Theologians and having a debate (it doesn’t matter whether or not you’re the only Christian in America who believes something is a part of your religion), but you’re still going to have to provide evidence for how it will greatly affect your faith. I don’t think it’s unreasonable to be against filing religious exemptions for every little thing someone personally disagrees with. If it helps, imagine this with someone who isn’t a part of your religion. If we’re going to go down a slippery slope, imagine your state removing religious exemptions because a small group of people kept filing them in the name of Spaghetti Monsterism to get out of [insert controversial subject here]. That’s not martyrdom, that’s just being an asshole. And it happens all the time.

(Some excerpts from the link)

There is no “us” vs “them” here. 


When “they” can’t convince you with science, they will inevitably invoke Jesus by getting “physician” guest bloggers who claim to be Christian to paraphrase a few Bible verses and tell you to get vaccines in the name of “loving your neighbor” and all that. They’re banking on the fact that you’ll refer to the “leader” and not the “Word.”

Let’s break down the points she tried to make here:

  • I’m not sure what a “claim to be Christian” is (I’m going to take a wild stab that she thinks she’s the “real” kind who is a shining example of Christianity), but I’m sure both “real” and “fake” Christians can get doctorates. I can’t figure out whether or not she’s mocking the thought of a Christian doctor existing, or implying they’re fake physicians, but it’s an ad hominem either way.
  • If she’s implying you can’t be both a doctor and a Christian, a majority of my class in medical school are Christians. When I did research full time, even my principle investigator was a Christian. A ton of doctors are Christians. Many of my professors are Christians. So no matter whether or not someone personally believes that all doctors are satanists, you still don’t get asked to deny Christianity and bow to satan at a white coat ceremony. I know I’m using hyperbole here, but she is still claiming “they” are trying to attack Christianity and not disease.
  • If she’s implying that they’re not a real physician, chances are, if a person puts their face, title, and specific information you can search and/or LinkedIn account on a blogpost claiming they’re a physician and a Christian, they’re probably a physician and a Christian. The funny part is, if she’s implying they’re lying, this throws a lot of anti-vaccine advocates under the bus, considering the only time I’ve seen fake doctors is on Twitter when anti-vaxx homeopaths put “Dr.” behind their name because they took an online class. I know this is anecdote, so you’re more than willing to find me fake pro-vaccine “doctors” using a real profile picture and name (there are a lot of anonymous trolls on either side). Let’s not forget the “The Health Ranger” who owns NaturalNews, claiming to be an expert in health, yet somehow can’t mention what undergrad he went to or what he majored in (Bachelors of Science can include a ton of subjects). He was magically able to mention that he totally got accepted to MIT (sure Jan), a specific university, yet couldn’t name his major or his undergraduate school.
  • Why on earth is “guest blogger” used as a pejorative? Who cares if someone does it full time or not, as long as they actually studied the subject?
  • I’m concerned that the phrase “if they can’t convince you with science” was used non-ironically. I understand if you’re an atheist, you believe religion is a branch of mythology. That’s fine. But if you’re a Christian, then the world surrounding us was created. There’s not really a way around that, considering biology is the study of life. The scientific method is just a boring way of saying “lets make some guesses, get some data, and form new guesses from the data.” It’s always open to change, but the accumulation of statistically-significant data is a big deal when making the next educated guess. It’s usually the whole “it can be backed up by math and deductive reasoning” thing that sparks my interest in the first place, not makes me lose interest. She’s acting as if Christians can only form opinions via Ouija board.
  • Why would I use a Bible verse to try to get Christians to agree with my views on vaccines? I’ve never had to quote the Bible to explain that death and disease are horrible things. Why? Because I already know that Christians are not somehow incapable of rational thought and observing the world around them. And assuming that I have to open the Bible and explain that to another person, especially one who witnessed polio themselves, is downright laughable, whether or not they’re religious. The Bible is not going to mention vaccination. It can’t mention vaccination. She uses that to her advantage to pretend what the Bible would say. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The Word is not named Megan.
  • Speaking of “The Word,” her last sentence is somehow both mind-numbingly platitudinous and nonsensical, considering it’s based off of another false dichotomy fallacy. She’s acting as if those who promote health are somehow simultaneously promoting anti-Christian and pro-dictatorship values, two beliefs that are not opposites, by using their title as a weapon. One is a religion and one is a some letters on a coat. I’m got used to hearing crappy platitudes hidden in “Christian-ese” jargon when people tried to sugar coat their own personal opinion.
If your pastor says it’s okay … then it must be okay right? No … because your pastor isn’t Jesus and probably hasn’t read the vaccine package inserts or ingredients list, and he was probably told that God loves children who get measles more than vaccine-injured children. Chances are though, like many Christians, your pastor hasn’t even thought about it.

Again, she needs to stop assuming that Christians can’t be doctors or haven’t formed their opinions based off actually studying something for themselves. You can have a great relationship with God and also be able to read and physically comprehend something. And I’m not indirectly claiming that pro-vaccination means better comprehension. If you’re anti-vaccine as a Christian and disagree with my viewpoints, I’m still assuming you did so because you formed your own opinion by yourself without blindly following your pastor. Just like Megan, other people question things and try to learn. On top of it, you’re more than 30 times more likely to get the measles if you’re unvaccinated, so that sarcastic statement about God loving a group of kids more also makes no sense. Does she mean “God loves kids who don’t get the measles?” Because while it’s still emotion-driven garbage, it’s at least more accurate garbage. Not to mention, she’s indirectly claiming that if Jesus was here on earth in the 21st century, that he’d be startled to read the package insert. That’s quite a bold claim to make.

The package inserts are not the same thing as a warning label, and it’s scary how often I have to describe this, as it makes me concerned that people are informed about the medications they’re taking. If you are on a bunch of medications, it’s good to know side effects. Even if you need it. This can truly save your life in the future. For instance, I take birth control, and DVT is right there on the package insert as an actual warning. Do not smoke with the meds — this is why! The black box warning label is the warning label. And required vaccines don’t have any. Check it out yourself:

These are just a few of the many examples. If you clicked on the picture, you can see the separate section for “adverse reactions,” which is what anti-vaxxers are always talking about in terms of the “vaccine insert.” From my own experience, I’m almost always given the same highlighted screenshots of someone else’s picture of a physical paper insert (I’m sadly not exaggerating), but vaccine inserts can range from 10-40 pages long. If someone gives you a 1-page screenshot, this is not the full package insert. Package inserts are also not “hidden” as antivaxxers claim, as any package insert is available through a quick google search. If you want more information,  here’s a list of vaccine information that can help you narrow down your search. You’re more than welcome to read the adverse reactions, but it’s important to clarify that these are not synonymous with a true warning label as anti-vaxxers claim. These are the reported side effects from VAERS (meaning someone who claims that the vaccine gave them chiggers would be reported), and are not based off of statistically-significant studies. Anybody can claim something, but statistical analyses matter in terms of finding trends in the VAERS data, which is how we determined that the 1998 Rotavirus vaccine increased chances of intussusception. It was taken off the market in 1999. This is what happens when a real “vaccine injury” is found. I don’t know why anti-vaxxers claim the government doesn’t want you to know about VAERS, as if the government hasn’t discovered Google, and when the CDC made a quick decision to use a different vaccine as soon as legitimate side effects were discovered.

The most important part of an insert aside from warning label are the contraindications. This is what should always be checked before a vaccine isn’t administered. If a child had a reaction due to a negligent physician who didn’t check their history, then absolutely report them. That is their fault, and you can file a lawsuit.

As for the ingredients, the ingredients aren’t thrown in there for the heck of it. That’s because people like me work in a laboratory and know how to actually pronounce the names and understand how they work and why they’re there. This is where I tend to get overly snarky, because I am so tired of anti-vaxxers presenting some ingredients like they’re weapons of mass destruction because they saw an IUPAC name and think it involves dead fetuses floating around or some kind of witchcraft. I’m not expecting everyone else to know a lot about chemistry, as that’s pretentious and idiotic. Few people care that much about chemistry- I get that. There’s nothing wrong with that. But if you’re going to fight against vaccine ingredients and use them as fear-mongering, at least know what they are before suggesting people read a list that would get a shrug those of us who know what the words mean.

To put this into perspective, picture another person claiming your favorite food is “poison,” as they start reading off the ingredients one by one. Even if you’re on the other end of your phone/computer sneering saying “except mine would just say ‘lettuce!'” It wouldn’t. Even if we’re talking all organic food grown in the earth, the kind of fear-mongering in regards to vaccine ingredients includes what it’s made from as well as what is in it, even if it’s microscopic and/or measured with a micropipette. If we’re just talking about organic lettuce, an anti-lettuce site would have a list of the bacteria, the  pesticides organic plants are exposed to, the fact that it grew in literal feces, as well as the chances of developing brain-eating parasites, and all of the “toxins” pouring into it from the rain.

I love a good spinach salad. It’s delicious. I don’t care if a cow shat in it previously. You can make it look like all organic lettuce is contaminated E.coli or healthier than the alternative with a good enough click-bait headline. I love vegetables.

My dad is a pastor and he thought about it. That’s why I’m vaccinated. 


Then there’s the practically mythical “extreme crazy Christian” angle, which is how people (even some Christians) who vaccinate like to portray Christians who don’t. You know, the “God gave me an immune system so I’m just going to “faith-heal myself well” and He will protect me while I roll around in polio” perception. This is certainly within God’s power; but guys, this is a highly inaccurate perception. Let’s clear up these misguided perceptions, shall we

By posting something like this, trying to control the viewpoints of others by telling them they’re bad Christians for vaccinating, you’re certainly not helping.

In the Beginning
In the beginning, this is how it all went down: God created heaven, earth, day, night, water, dry land, plants, animals, people, and … the immune system. He then said,
 I’m missing something … oh yes, Adam needs the DNA of a dog, some cells of a monkey’s kidney, a couple of mutated viruses, bits of ground up aborted baby, a few carcinogens, some detergent, and a little hazardous waste to help trick his immune system into giving him some temporary junk immunity. Well … Adam is a grown man, so maybe I should shoot up his baby first. 
Wrong. God saw all that He had made and “it was very good.” God’s perfect. Nothing further needed.

Oh my.  Let’s break all of this bull crap down. We all know pain exists in the world. Disease exists, congenital development abnormalities exist, parents mourn their children every day, and many people are suffering. In order to pretend the immune system is already perfect, one would have to ignore the slew of other biological issues that are also no fault of the individual. The Bible is filled with pain and suffering. Job lost his entire family. Lot’s wife died while their town was exploding. If something is “very good,” that’s not synonymous with “can never fuck up.” OBVIOUSLY pain exists. I couldn’t imagine being so clueless to what goes on in the world that one of my driving points is dependent upon the existence of congenital conditions or the ability to develop cancer without doing anything wrong. I’m honestly jealous. When you view the world through the lens of a snowflake, yeah, I’m sure a needle would look scarier than cervical cancer that she apparently thinks can be treated with bubbles, gumdrops, and some turmeric.

Also, what is with those “ingredients” she listed? I think SHE may want to actually read what ingredients are in vaccines. Don’t you think I’d avoid my flu shot every year if I knew there were deadly carcinogens and tiny dead babies floating around in it? There aren’t. The ingredients are safe.

“Yeah, but then sin entered the world?” 
Oh yes, and so did our arrogance. We actually think “we” hold the key to improving upon His design … as if He forgot something when He created the immune system. Thank God He created us to fix it, right? Except that sin gave us the capacity to perform all sorts of evil deeds (1 Peter 2:16) so the fact that God gave us the ability to make vaccines does not make them safe or effective and is not a reason to use them.

Give me a break. I don’t believe God gave us a functioning brain just for us to be forever afraid of inventing something new. If she thinks technology designed to save lives is “arrogant,” she may want to go ahead make herself DNR so no arrogant person dares to save her life using said evil technology. Throw in blood transfusions while she’s at it! I’m sure she drives a car everyday, which is totally “arrogant” by her standards, considering she has two functioning legs God obviously wanted her to use. If God gave you legs (and 100% of people are born with two legs according to her previous logic that nothing can go “wrong” in utero), how arrogant is it that you defy his plan for your life by driving a car everyday? Utilizing technology is a sin according to her ideology.

Yeah, I think that sounds ridiculous too.

I really don’t know another way to respond to these histrionic claims of hers other than using similar theatrics. My argument sounds like I’m responding from the viewpoint of a middle schooler who is yelling at her BFF. It sounds ridiculous just typing it out. But a majority of her points have been based off of emotional tactics. I was taught that a lot of bad things entered the world when Eve sinned, but notice she still didn’t argue that point. While Christians may not all have the same viewpoints, and I don’t want to speak on behalf of those who may not take Genesis literally, she didn’t explain how a viewpoint that  sin sparked disease and suffering means that trying to combat that suffering is in itself a sin. Evil deeds have always existed. According to the Bible, Lucifer, the angel, was jealous and arrogant himself before he and other angels fell. Arrogance isn’t unique to humankind according to scripture.

So let’s look at that again:

The fact that God gave us the ability to make vaccines does not make them safe or effective and is not a reason to use them.”


Aborted Fetal Cells
God is pro-life and this is an un-contested issue. There is zero scriptural support to the contrary. If you’re a Christian, you might be surprised to know that more than 23 vaccines contain cells, cellular debris, protein, and DNA from aborted babies, including: Adenovirus, Polio, Dtap/Polio/HiB Combo, Hep A, Hep A/Hep B Combo, MMR, MMRV Pro Quad, Rabies, Varicella, and the Shingles vaccines.
I’m sorry, but we cannot hold up a pro-life sign on Sunday and give our child a chicken pox vaccine on Monday. We can’t be against abortion but utilize a product derived from it, or knowingly support an industry that profits from it. Now, I usually turn a blind eye to my fellow Christian friends who do this — It’s their business and I am not the ultimate judge, but when someone tells me I “have” to inject my kid with a product derived from and containing aborted fetal ingredients, you better believe I have a problem with it.

“Un-contested issue” and “Zero scriptural support to the contrary” are not true (isn’t lying a sin?), considering not only is abortion an extremely controversial subject, but the Bible does mention abortions. Women in Old Testament were forced to have an abortion by their husband if accused of infidelity and the Bible talks about God killing children in the womb. Should we also mention that the Bible talks about dashing children against rocks? This doesn’t mean that I think Christianity should support abortions, rather that she can’t lie while crossing her fingers while hoping no one else has actually read the Bible. And before someone jumps out and says “But you have to read it in context!” I know this. I’m not pretending to be a Biblical scholar, nor am I trying to actually debate the subject of abortion- I’m just trying to refute her assumption that this is an “uncontested issue” with “zero scriptural support.” The Old Testament was rough, even when one takes into account the context and time period before Jesus’ death/resurrection. It’s pretty important to acknowledge the fact that a number of passages are extremely morbid without a commentary rather than pretending controversial scriptures don’t exist. This being said, I am really aggravated by her generalizing scripture like everyone is on the same page (both literally and metaphorically). Not to mention, even on top of scripture, one’s viewpoint of abortion involves both metaphysical concepts like “when does life begin?” along with their religious beliefs such as “is God okay with abortion?” that can certainly be backed up with one’s interpretation of scripture and view of God, but “zero scriptural support” and pretending no debate exists among Christians is simply not true.

But let’s talk about vaccines now. There aren’t aborted fetuses in vaccines. It’s actually kind of funny that here she is complaining about how mandatory vaccination somehow persecutes Christians (with no evidence to support that statement), while a majority of women who receive abortions are Christian, Huh, I wonder why she never mentioned that.

I get my vaccines for free. If this was all for profit, don’t you think they’d make healthcare workers pay for them, considering flu shots are mandatory for healthcare workers? It’s either get a vaccine or get fired, so why don’t they make a ton of money off of it? What single “industry” is she talking about that profits from vaccines, for that matter? The CDC? The government? Private companies? Random compounding pharmacies? All of the above? We save money more than make money by paying for cheaper prevention instead of more expensive treatments in a hospital.  The money comes from saving money on hospital bills, not from giving out free vaccines (as if that makes sense). My husband’s vancomycin alone cost over $1200 without insurance. “Big Pharma” makes far more from medications compared to vaccines. There’s not just one pharmaceutical industry, or that would be really confusing to explain my birth control company change. Even doctors complain about over-priced meds. Doctors are patients too, and that’s why so many are out fighting for more affordable healthcare. I want healthcare to be affordable. I don’t like some pharmaceutical industries making life-saving medication practically impossible to afford without insurance. In other words, it is not only silly, but downright stupid to believe 100% of doctors who are pro-vaccination also are obsessed with money and are in cahoots with 100% of pharmaceutical companies, 100% of which somehow work for the government, which is fighting against Christianity.

it’s their business and I’m not the ultimate judge.”

That is a response so puerile and passive-aggressive that it’s downright cringe-worthy. The “ultimate judge” isn’t Megan, she’s right. But I suggest next time she avoid implying that those who vaccinate will be thrown into hell.


We’re talking about Christianity here, which means we believe in the sixth commandment, “Thou shalt not murder (Exodus 20:13 & Deuteronomy 5:13).” Children are recognized from God at the point of conception (Genesis 4:1, 17, and Jeremiah 1:5), are knit together by God in the womb (Psalm 139:13-16; Psalm 22:10-11; & Galatians 1:15), are blessings from God (Genesis 1:28; Genesis 4:1; and Psalms 127:3 and 113:7-9), are valued and loved (Matthew 18:1-14 and 19:13-15), are created in His image (Genesis 1:27), and their killing is condemned (Psalm 106:35, 37-38). In fact, the prophet Amos condemns the Ammonites because they “ripped open expectant mothers in Gilead” (Amos 1:13) and child killing was one of the major reasons that God’s anger burned against the Kingdom of Israel bringing about their destruction and exile (2 Kings 17:17-18).
Oh, but they only use cell lines from two aborted babies in the vaccines and the benefit to the public as a whole is far outweighed. False times deuce. First of all, sacrificing the few for the many is biblically unjustifiable. God prohibits child sacrifice (Exodus 20:13, Deuteronomy 5:13, 12:30-32, 18:10, Leviticus 18:21 & 20:2-5, 2 Kings 16:3, and Psalm 106:38), and there is no “for the greater good clause” or “public exception” listed in anywhere in the Bible.

Let me highlight something pretty important: this is about vaccines. Remember how this post was about vaccines at one point? She’s deviating from the discussion into an abortion post, because she knows a majority of her audience is pro-life. This isn’t about abortions, this is about vaccines.

Vaccines don’t have aborted fetuses in them.

And she then she continues with “sacrificing the few for the many is Biblically unjustifiable,” as if that has anything to do with the discussion at hand. Why yes, it does sounds pretty awful when one histrionically exaggerates the current subject at hand, vaccination, which is most certainly not about child sacrifice. Talk about theatrical.

Here, let me try: “Oh, but those vaccine ingredients that a high schooler in AP chemistry could pronounce without having a meltdown apparently sound too big and scary for this group of uneducated rich people and their little snowflakes, so now infants are suffocating to death.”  Oh, look at that, I can also exaggerate things to make the out-group appear to be a bunch of jackasses. Who knew?

A kid’s fever that may develop after a live, attenuated vaccine isn’t comparable to child sacrifice. I’m sad I have to actually explain this in the 21st century, but preventing disease and millions of deaths is not equivalent to throwing a child into into a giant pit of fire. Millions of children’s lives are saved every year through vaccination.

It’s as if they think vaccines are tiny vials of poison, and getting vaccinated is like playing a deranged game of Russian Roulette where we stab children with blunt poison-filled instruments for the sake of…. I don’t know, I really haven’t figured out what the point of that would be, considering there are far less sinister ways to make more than $0.75.

And wow, glad she included the random Bible verses about child sacrifice, as if I was going to pick up the Bible and be like “oh, she’s right! Who knew tossing children into a burning pit to appease Baal was bad? I’m going to stop vaccinating now, because somehow this relates to basic acts of disease prevention!” This is equivocation. And she still seems to have not discovered the Bible passages telling the Israelites to murder children, but I’ll let her get to those later. I did chuckle a little when she brought up Amos and didn’t mention the book of Hosea. And she brought up Psalm 106 but not Psalm 137.

If kids are valued in her eyes, then why is she fighting against those of us who are trying to protect them after we spent years studying how disease works and after years of witnessing kids contracting vaccine-preventable illnesses? Especially considering it involves kids who weren’t autonomous yet before their own mothers decided for them that they shouldn’t be protected from “just a childhood illness.” These kids did not make these decisions themselves. If she wants to talk about kids being created by God to be loved and valued so she can use it as a red herring and an appeal to emotion fallacy, then boy did she just dig herself in a giant gaping hole considering the hypocrisy of her own belief system that is responsible for children dying of vaccine-preventable diseases. If she wants to keep using an appeal to emotion, then maybe we can talk about how this woman’s beliefs are the reason little cancer patients in line for a bone marrow transplant have to be afraid, on top of their own cancer no less, of dying of a preventable illness. Maybe she wants to talk about how immunocompromised individuals are dying because of her mindset.


Secondly, even though there are only baby parts from a few babies in our vaccines, many more babies were aborted and dissected in the process of obtaining the perfect strain. In fact, aborted babies are being used everyday to create new cell lines for more vaccines. But just in case you didn’t hear this on the news, in church, or at your doctor’s office, here’s where these ground up baby parts came from:
PER C6 came from a healthy 18 week-old baby who was aborted for social reasons. This tumorigenic strain is being used to develop adenovirus, Ebola, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV vaccines. Developers call it a “human designer cell” but what they really mean is “aborted baby cells.
The HEK293 cell line is derived from the kidneys of a healthy aborted fetus and is being used to develop new influenza vaccines
IMR-90 cell line came from a 16-week old female aborted baby and IMR-91 came from a male aborted baby. Both were created for vaccine production and functional references
WI-38 (RA 273) was a 16-week-old female baby (20 cm long) who was aborted in Sweden because the parents felt they had too many children. The baby was packed on ice and sent to the United States (speculation suggests without consent – which was common) where it was dissected. The use of WI-38 cells is a lucrative moneymaking business
WI-1 through WI-25 cell strains were derived from the lung, skin, muscle, kidney, heart, thyroid, thymus, and liver of 21 separate elective (and some speculate illegal) abortions
WI-44 was derived from the lung of a three-month old surgically aborted fetus
MCR-5 cell line was derived from the lung tissue of a 14-week-old male (Britain)
Eighty elective abortions (recorded) were involved in the research and final production of the current rubella vaccine: 21 from the original WI-1 through WI-26fetal cell lines that failed, plus WI-38 itself, plus 67 from the attempts to isolate the rubella virus.

Enough.

Aborted fetuses are not being ground up everyday for research. Aborted fetuses are not being aborted to perfect vaccine strains. I think I would have noticed that by now. In order to have efficient vaccines, you need to have good antigens. Think of it like a dog sniffing the sweater of a man who is wanted for murder. In a similar manner to killed vaccines, the sweater can’t come alive, or can’t turn into the criminal to fight the cops looking for him. The sweater is dead. But the dog uses his actual scent to track the culprit and not the scent off of a similar-looking sweater.

When it comes to live, attenuated vaccines, think of it like the culprit being severely injured in the back of the cop car. The bad guy is already contained and have the sirens going off for antigen-presenting cells. There’s a small chance of them escaping, but it’s very rare. If it does happen, however, they’re weakened, and it’s easier to catch them. This requires weakening a real antigen. One that is going to be seen as foreign by the body and have a monoclonal antibodies created for that specific pathogen- that’s the entire purpose of vaccination. The cops have caught the real criminal. Just because something is weakened doesn’t mean it’s fake; on the contrary, it’s just weakened. In order to create something real, you need to have it be created in a realistic environment . That means viruses need to replicate in human and/or animal cells instead of magic or bubbles. They need to be weakened in a realistic environment. There are two fetal cell lines originally obtained decades prior (almost 50 years).

This post does a great job highlighting the problems with claiming that aborted fetuses are in vaccines.

This post provides a detailed history of it.

Researchers are not hacking a bunch of babies up for vaccines, and I don’t think any of them would sign up for something that screwed up. I sure as heck wouldn’t – I have a hard enough time perfusing rats. But claiming fetal cells are floating around vaccine vials is like saying a stove is in your reheated soup. Using something isn’t synonymous with putting it in the final product.


People will tell you that there aren’t actually any “aborted fetal ingredients” in the final product (as if that matters) that it’s just a medium used in the process.  They say things like:
The vaccine that you are offered today contains no trace of the cells that the first-ever batch was grown on.
So…they’re saying it’s like homeopathy? It’s just “frequency” of dead baby? Isn’t that pseudoscience? Despite what you’ve been told, aborted baby parts are in your vaccinations and it says so right in the package inserts:
This product also contains residual components of MRC-5 cells including DNA and protein (pages 6-7 Varivax insert). 

What? I’m face-palming. This is one of the most cringe-worthy paragraphs I’ve read in awhile. As previously mentioned, people will tell you that vaccines offered today don’t contain fetal cells, because it’s a truthful statement (the horror). And she says “as if that matters,” but still kept in this earlier claim:  “I ‘have’ to inject my kid with a product derived from and containing aborted fetal ingredients, you better believe I have a problem with it.”

If it didn’t matter to her, she wouldn’t have left a statement like that in that she backtracked on later, as if no one would notice it. No, vaccines don’t contain cells from aborted fetuses. Human cell lines from two abortions preformed almost 5 decades ago are used for a CELL STRAIN. I’m guessing at this point she has no idea what on earth these words mean. Cell lines are not used to put into a medication or vaccine. In the easiest way I can put it, human cultures/strains are there to serve as a good environment to grow things in. Understandably, you’re going to want to have human DNA for the first cell line. If you cut a leaf off of a vine, it wouldn’t contain a tiny microscopic pergola. You wouldn’t need to perform homeopathy to get water down the tiny pergola, considering it isn’t there to begin with, and that’s not how reality works. Instead, you may have a tiny sliver the dirt or wall it was growing on show up every now and then in while you’re grabbing the leaves. It is pretty unscrupulous to change the comment that it doesn’t contain cells or traces of the cells into a statement that is trying to deviate from tiny aborted fetuses chilling in vaccines from the evil scientists. Touching a nearby door handle will give you a slew of bacterial DNA way more than anything seen in a vaccine. Some protein isn’t the same as “fetal ingredients,” as if  there’s chopped off tiny innocent arms in your vaccine. Nobody is trying to hide secret tissue information. When you transfer something, it can contain some tiny microscopic things that won’t hurt you. These have been extensively studied and used for half of a century. They’re fine. Fetal cells, again, are not in vaccines.

In fact, go ahead and read a literal laboratory manual for how to make a cell line if you want: Protocol-MRC-5-Cultivation-HDCF-ANLSPHDCFMRC5


Human safety studies on the effects of aborted fetal DNA, cells, and proteins? Zero. But there is research that shows that the mixing of DNA in the vaccine and DNA in your child could be one of the many ways vaccines contribute to cancer and autism. (See how I did that? Implicated vaccines as a contributing factor in autism without even mentioning mercury?)
The DNA from neoplastic cells can contain activated (cancer-causing) oncogenes, viral oncogenes, the genomes of oncogenic viruses, as well as retroviruses that can be transferred to vaccine recipients potentially inducing tumors. Don’t worry though; your pharmaceutical company will take extra precautions (like they did with the Polio vaccine) to make sure this doesn’t happen.

So the cancer article was super interesting, and was honestly a great read. I found myself extremely intrigued by MDs and PhDs (and one random anti-vaxxer) having a discussion on where they wanted their research to go. Some excerpts:

What we see is that there is a lack of tumorigenicity in immunocompetent animals (that’s the very last paragraph), the mom of the fetus had no prior health complications, and we see that they want to use vaccines to target cancer itself. So… thanks? This was a discussion about ethics involved in bringing back cell cultures that replicate quickly for future HIV vaccines. She should probably open things up she posts next time. This is actually pretty embarrassing for the anti-vaccine movement to post so haphazardly, as it is blatant evidence that the Evil Physicians have legitimate concerned conversations including powerpoint slides and details on prior experimentation to highlight any potential consequences for a detail risk evaluation in a courtroom. This is fantastic pro-vaccine evidence. This is evidence that vaccine research starts very early and involves detailed conversations of ethics. Awesome!

Second of all, what is it with the ableism of the anti-vaccine movement? Have they ever asked an autistic individual whether or not they want to be eradicated from the earth? Do they not get a say in the matter? They don’t see their way of thinking as a disease. On top of that, vaccines don’t cause autism. Anti-vaxxers are notorious for spreading hatred and disgust, yet they claim to be “warriors” for autism. It doesn’t look too great when one of the biggest factors of being anti-vaccine, autism, involves cyberbullying anyone on the spectrum:

 

That is insulting to those who are autistic. They’re allowed to love themselves. They’re allowed to see themselves as valuable humans with unique genetics without being labeled an “injury.” Every time someone mentions it as some awful cause of [insert scary-sounding word], they speak over someone who is actually autistic.

And here’s just one example of those who are actually autistic, and how Vaxxed responded:

VaxxedHaters

Just for a comparison on what an anti-vaxxer argument is like, this is the worst they have against those who advocate vaccines. People warning others that they’re literally killing their children (which they are).


Hello? What are we doing? There is no biblical/religious justification that makes it even remotely okay to play “operation” with an aborted baby, let alone inject our children with foreign human DNA that has the propensity to cause all sorts of medical conditions.
The Other Ingredients in Vaccines
It’s not just the aborted baby parts you should have an objection to. Neurotoxins, hazardous substances, attenuated viruses, animal parts, foreign DNA, albumin from human blood, carcinogens, and chemical wastes are all ingredients in your child’s vaccinations and not one of them are proven safe. Not…a…single…one.

Of course not, considering the very definition of the scientific method. You can’t prove things via biological research. That statement would have made her fail my 7th grade science class. Instead, we have a slew of evidence that points to vaccine ingredients being safe and efficient with statistical significance using data and a step-by-step process of how they did it and what stat programs they used. Unlike her side. You can’t “prove” anything as “safe.” You never can. It is impossible. She should have learned this in middle school.

I use albumin every day in the lab for my IFS. It’s safe. “Animal parts” aren’t in there, either. The sun is a class I carcinogen, and I’m sure she’s been in the sun a few times. “Chemical wastes” are definitely not in vaccines. I spent the entire semester around 14 dead bodies breathing in formaldehyde 12 hours a week, and she’s bitching about a needle prick


Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your bodies.” (1 Corinthians 6:19-20, NIV)
And then there’s the issue of contamination. Not only are the additives in vaccines considered contaminants from a biblical standpoint, the contaminants themselves are oftencontaminated. 
Since vaccine preparation involves the use of materials of biological origin, vaccines are subject to contamination by micro-organisms. […] The increasing number of target species for vaccines, the diversity of the origin of biological materials and the extremely high number of known and unknown viruses and their constant evolution represent a challenge to vaccine producers and regulatory authorities.

Oh this is just too good. It’s so funny to me when I see an anti-vaxxer accidentally destroy their previous arguments. Do you know what greatly helps prevent those contaminations? Hmm…. take a wild guess.

Those oh-so-evil preservatives.

Over and over again, studies support that they’re safe. You’ll get more preservatives eating a pear. They’re not in there because evil scientists want to murder you, they’re in there to help PREVENT contaminations. If we took the preservatives out of vaccines, that puts people at risk for infection. Would they like that? We can’t have it both ways. If someone who doesn’t have a true contraindication and avoids vaccination because of the “icky toxins,” then they risk the lives of innocent people around them.

Welcome to planet earth, where bad things exist.

I know we’re autonomous adults. We’re allowed to have your own opinions. But what is sad is when snowflakes are so angry that they have to god-forbid abide to a rule for once and get vaccinated like the rest of us try to punish everyone else by “fighting the system” because they think their fairytale idea that disease will run from them if they eat the right magic has the power to change the physical world. There is no magic option to earth. We are surrounded by a microscopic world that does a great job killing humans every day, and even money and your white privilege can’t save anyone from that. I wish anti-vaxxers figured that out.

And really, explain to me how risking infection is somehow protecting your body. Again, she digs her own grave by calling people bad Christians for getting vaccinated when she’s exposing her loved ones to literal toxins (it’s called “the measles toxin,” for crying out loud).


In the Bible, blood represented the life force of the human or animal. Human blood was to be kept pure under all circumstances and free of contaminants like animal parts and blood (Genesis 9:4, Leviticus 17:11, 17:14, Deuteronomy 12:23, Leviticus 17:10, Acts 15:20, and Acts 15:29).

First of all, I would LOVE to see how she is living daily according to the rules of Leviticus. I’m not sure how many times she can accidentally destroy her own argument, as if mainstream Christianity relies on the Torah for advice on how to be more organic. So unless she’s avoiding wearing clothing woven with different fabrics, I have no idea why her driving point involves mainly just quoting ancient law. Especially considering Jesus blatantly makes it known in the New Testament that it’s okay to eat any animal. If she wants to use a vegan argument, she still wouldn’t be making much sense unless she’s referring to gelatin, which is only in some. Animal blood isn’t in vaccines, and vaccines are no administered into your bloodstream to begin with. I cannot think of a more idiotic way to describe the “sin” of vaccine ingredients. Maybe next we can take turns going through each ingredient in our favorite foods and calling other people bad Christians for consuming it using Leviticus.


Bovine cow serum for example, is often contaminated with viruses that cause viral diarrhea. In 2012, Merck recalled over a million doses of their PedVaxHib (Hib vaccine) and ComVax HiB/Hepatitis B combination vaccine because of Bacillus Cereus contamination, a bacteria that typically causes diarrhea and food poisoning. The polio vaccines used in the 1950’s and 60’s were contaminated by the SV40 virus from monkey kidney cells now responsible for several different types of cancer including brain and bone cancer, lymphomas, leukemia, and mesothelioma, and can be passed to subsequent generations via maternal antibodies from those vaccinated with contaminated vaccines.

Contrary to what she decided to randomly pull out of her hind quarters, Bovine serum albumin is not “usually contaminated” with diarrhea-causing viruses. I use it every fucking day. The rest of the lab uses it every fucking day. This is one of my favorite things: anti-vaxxers will quote vaccine ingredients, thinking those of us who actually know what they are will be scared. That’s not going to happen to those of us who have actually studied chemistry. Let’s use a chemical you know about. Table salt.

“Sodium chloride is in there!” 

“Uh… that’s just table salt.”

“Half of table salt is a deadly explosive, and the other half is a deadly gas!”

You know as well as I do that table salt isn’t going to gas and kill you. However, what I said is actually true….according to the molecular weight, that is. Sodium is a deadly explosive, and chlorine is a deadly gas. They freak out about thimerosal being “50% mercury”, yet table salt is apparently 100% deadly poison according to their failed chemistry rules. In reality, we know table salt is perfectly fine. The dose makes the poison, and structure determines function. I can’t wait for anti-vaxxers to discover what enantiomers are.

And there it is again, the anti-vaccine argument about a vaccine introduced in the 1950s. Didn’t see that one coming. Studies point out that SV40 does not seem to be attributed to human cancer.


Even the CDC admitted SV40 was an oopsie on their website … and then the page was removed. Don’t worry though, those aborted baby and tumor-derived cell lines only cause cancer if they’re contaminated, and those crazy lab-viruses only cause harm if they “escape” from a lab. Rest assured, your pharmaceutical company has everything under control.
Laboratory safety practices and technology cannot erase human error and equipment failures that lead to accidents, as evidenced by a recent string of lab-acquired infections and environmental releases of SARS, Ebola, tularemia, and other dangerous diseases. In fact, the last reported human cases of smallpox were laboratory acquired.

As I previously mentioned, SV40 isn’t giving people cancer, and isn’t in any vaccines your child is receiving. And no, your vaccines don’t have tumors in them (not like she’d know what those are anyways). You can do anything with an argument if it’s built off of a ridiculous assumption from the start.

So we’re just going to let people eat from organic food stores, even though all organic food contains pieces of cancer-ridden dead puppies?? Do you want that for your kids?” 

My favorite part is this is her wording. Her description of “fetus parts” has changed on and off to “derived cell line” throughout her entire blog. These are two completely different things (this is the understatement of the year). Earlier she said point-blank that fetuses were being hacked and fetal parts were in your vaccines. Then she correctly throws in “derived from a cell line” every now and then. I’m guessing this is for when someone calls her out on her bull crap, she can pretend the other person is over-exaggerating, because she “totally mentioned cell lines.” In actuality, she explained what a cell line was erroneously, used fear tactics, and expressed the existence of fetal parts which are certainly not in vaccines.

Science is not infallible. It’s actually designed to be open to falsification. Of course there have been mistakes, but instead of ignoring them crying “but we’re special scientists,” It has burgeoned better research practices and ethics committees. It’s extremely regulated, and if you doubt me, try applying for a grant and asking permission to study on humans or animals. Ebola also isn’t getting released from a laboratories. Western Africa has affected by it for a long time, but if she’s anything like the other anti-vaxxers I’ve met, she just didn’t know it existed until the media said a white person got it.


But wait, what about your neighbor?
Apparently, you have a biblical duty to vaccinate your child for your neighbor’s, but you don’t owe your neighbor any duty that conflicts with God’s Word. Not to mention that you’re first and foremost entrusted with the welfare of YOUR child and you’re not called to put your child at risk for someone else’s.

What is the most confusing to me is how Christianity is based on Jesus, who died in the place of a murderer to save mankind from death, and she continually scoffs at the idea of making a decision to benefit others. He didn’t come to be served, but to serve. The Bible is full of scripture on self-sacrifice (John 15:13, Hebrews 10:34, Matthew 19:21, Mark 10:21, Luke 18:22, Acts 4:32-37, Philippians 3:8). Again, I don’t believe vaccination has to do with someone being literally or figuratively sacrificed. But it is also ridiculous for her to be so disgusted at the idea of protecting another individual who may not be able to protect themselves, yet she is perfectly fine with exaggerating ingredients and claiming vaccines are synonymous with murdering a child to appease Baal.

And no, nobody has a “Biblical obligation” to be a decent human being. So no, you don’t have an “obligation” to ensure your child’s best friend has a seatbelt on. You don’t have an obligation to make sure they’re not starving to death. You don’t have an obligation to save anyone else, like healthcare workers do willingly every day without expecting a reward. And it infuriates me to read someone’s blog who feels personally victimized by the suffering of a child who isn’t her own to the level of calling the mere act of protecting another child with leukemia “child sacrifice” because her special snowflake got a needle prick. If she thinks that counts as suffering, what a slap in the face to children who have to face the harsh reality of life with a terminal illness.


Yeah, but the Bible says you have to submit to governing authority.
We Christians are not to submit to any governing authority or policy that is not submissive to God’s Word (Book of Daniel, Esther 4:11 – 7:3, Acts 5:27-29, 1 John 2:4), are to “have no other gods,” are to keep God’s commands even in the face of policy that forbids it (Daniel 6:7-10), and are not to defile ourselves with things of the culture that contradict our God (Daniel 1:8). I’m not saying that people shouldn’t have the “legal” right to vaccinate, I’m simply saying that Christians have a legit biblical argument for opposing it.
Now when Daniel learned that the decree (not to pray to anyone but the king) had been published, he went home to his upstairs room where the windows opened toward Jerusalem. Three times a day he got down on his knees and prayed, giving thanks to his God, just as he had done before. – Daniel 6:10 (emphasis mine). 

That’s nice. Why don’t we get back to how she told people that they’d stand before God for vaccinating? Because at this point, I’m pretty sure her readers aren’t concerned about its legality when they think they’re going to hell. Governing authority or not governing authority, this is about her believing vaccines are sinful. Give to Caesar what is Caesars. Let’s avoid going down a rabbit trail of whether or not it’s technically legal. People already know boycotting exists, and anti-vaxxers are continually trying to get religious exemptions. So why would legality matter?


Yeah, but God says, “love your neighbor as yourself.”
God also (throughout His Word) shows us countless ways to do that. Not one of them includes murdering unborn children, injecting viruses into each other, shooting our kids up with carcinogens, segregating unvaccinated children, and harassing their parents.

Not only is none of this true, but yet again, there’s the old “let’s bring up segregation because my people at the country club are suffering” ploy.

WILLINGLY CHOOSING TO EXPOSE YOUR CHILDREN, AND THOSE AROUND THEM, TO DEADLY DISEASES BECAUSE YOU’RE AFRAID OF VACCINE INGREDIENTS

IS NOT SYNONYMOUS WITH EXPERIENCING RACISM 

Ah, glad I got that off my chest.

I can’t get over how many times anti-vaxxers have compared their suffering to racism and anti-semitism. “I can’t believe people are angry that I’m potentially exposing their immunocompromised children to deadly diseases, I’m the victim here!”


Vaccinating Out of Fear 
The Bible calls us to make wise decisions, but wise decisions are not based on fear. Yet, this is the #1 and almost exclusive means used to coerce parents into vaccinating. Seriously, take a look at the headlines. Simple childhood illnesses are deceptively portrayed as deadly diseases. We’re told diseases are being “brought back” even though they never disappeared. People run from a measles rash like they ran from the plague. A rash of course, is far worse than anything the MMR vaccine could cause. A fever is scary, unless it’s the fever that accompanies your child’s vaccinations. Statistics are manipulated and the one unvaccinated child who got all of the other vaccinated people sick is plastered onto the news so you can avoid every single place this child frequented, breathed, ate, or farted at.
Oh, but polio and paralysis and iron lungs! The polio campaign is a perfect example of how fear, deception, and manipulated data are used to fear people into vaccinating. Do you think God supports fear propaganda? No. There are 365 “fear nots” in the Bible. This could be one of the many reasons “fear propaganda” seems to be ineffective at convincing the unvaccinated (who are largely made up of Christians) to change their stance.

This point could have destroyed her entire argument just by itself. The anti-vaccine movement is based off of nothing but fear mongering, so bashing fear-mongering makes no sense. Meta-analyses don’t support it, a majority of healthcare workers don’t support it, smallpox being eradicated doesn’t support it, most of their “vaccine injuries” weren’t even caused by vaccines, the list goes on. I would love for her to find one single anti-vaccine article that doesn’t blame various medical conditions that scare them on vaccination. Considering they’re openly supporting the potential consequence of millions of children’s deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases over a one-in-a-million chance of a severe vaccine reaction, how is she going to explain an anti-vaccine standpoint without using scare-tactics? There’s a van driving around the country to share a documentary so parents can mourn their autistic children, for shits sake. Mothers are mourning their living children because of over-exaggerated scare tactics in a documentary put to scary-sounding music. And here she is calling the risk of legitimate death and suffering a mere “scare tactic.” If warning people about death is just a “scare tactic,” then what on earth does the anti-vaccine movement count as, considering one of her biggest driving points was mentioning ingredients that simply sounded scary to her? Her entire blogpost was for the purpose of making people think that they’re bad Christians for vaccinating, telling people dead fetuses are in vaccines, throwing out fake information to invite fear, and crying victim over laws cracking down on people committing fraud. Talk about hypocritical.

Not to mention, where have we come as a society when real warnings about death and disease that can be backed up by epidemiologists are considered too offensive to mention and marked off as “fear mongering?”

Do you want to know why they’re portrayed as deadly diseases? Because they’re actually deadly diseases

Imagine that!

In a typical case of the measles, a person will get better a few days later. However, a slew of complications can develop. Some are minute, such as an ear infection, others are much worse such as pneumonia, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE- a horrible progressive inflammation in the brain), and diabetes. The most common cause of death in young children from the measles is pneumonia, which affects about 1/20 of those who contract it. Before vaccination, there were about 50 cases of SSPE annually. Now there are only 1 or 2 cases annually.

The measles vaccine alone saved 15.6 million lives annually worldwide from 2000-2013. The flu kills 36,000 people in the United States every year. And getting vaccinated not only protects yourself, but your friends and family. It’s required for me working in a hospital. As a scientist myself, I assure you that toxins are not in the vaccines or I wouldn’t be getting them. The flu vaccine is also effective. Some years are more effective than others, but it doesn’t make much sense as to why someone would want to purposely avoid a prophylaxis.

Hepatitis B is awful. You think kids are protected from that too? In the early 1990’s, 300,000-400,000 people were infected every year in the US, and it currently kills around 600,000 people annually, including several thousand in the US.  Taiwan instituted a nationwide immunization program and had spectacular declines in acute and long-term disease. You cannot magically protect your kid from unprotected sex or assault, and refusing their ability to stay protected from hepatitis and possible cancer is downright despicable. Even hospital mishaps can spread it. Pregnancy can spread it.

Whooping cough is also deadly. It’s called the “100 day cough” for a reason. And what do epidemiologists say about it? Here is a comparison of the estimated risks of adverse reactions after DTP immunization with the complication rates of natural whooping cough

Adverse reaction Whooping cough complication rates per 100 000 cases DTP vaccine adverse reaction rates per 100 000 immunizations
Permanent brain damage 600–2000 (0.6–2.0%) 0.2–0.6
Death 100–400 (0.1–4.0%) 0.2
Encephalopathy/encephalitis* 90–4000 (0.09–4.0%) 0.1–3.0
Convulsions 600–8000 (0.6–8.0%) 0.3–90
Shock 0.5–30
Dukes, Jeffery Aronson. Meyler’s Side Effect of Drugs: an Encyclopedia of Adverse Relations and Interactions. Elsevier, 2015.

This is why I get so mad at them. Their arguments stem from trying to convince everyone that 3 is somehow a bigger number than 4000. And what’s sad is that antivaxxers who I show this to will go straight to the bottom where it says “shock” without skipping a beat. I wouldn’t be surprised if I saw this chart on an anti-vaxx site soon with the word “shock”  highlighted. The word “shock” is referring to anaphylactic shock, which is pretty much the only known reaction directly linked to vaccination due to a previously unknown allergy. The vaccine doesn’t cause the allergy, it causes the reaction to that allergy. Every other “vaccine reaction” can also be attributed to the disease itself.

While anti-vaxxers like to pretend your child is safe from these diseases, they are lying to you. Hep B is so ridiculously contagious that funeral homes require the vaccine for prepping bodies: http://www.hepbpositive.org.uk/funeral-staff-vaccinations

Seeing people like her using God as a reason to avoid vaccination reminds me of a popular analogy where a man was on his roof because of a flood, praying for God to save him. After a boat and a helicopter came to save him and he refused, he drowned. He got mad at God in the afterlife, asking him why he didn’t save him. He expected a miracle that defied physics even though his prayers were answered. Here we’re given an actual safe way to prevent ourselves from getting sick and even prevent some forms of cancer, yet there’s a bunch of people fighting against them because they want a vaccine that has never caused a single reaction. There will always be a reaction. Thanks to epidemiologists, we know that the benefits far outweigh any chance of a reaction.


Despite what some may think, “we” humans know very little about the immune system and how it functions (which is why your doctor can’t point to the cause or cure of your chronic auto-immune disease). In fact, we are consistently getting it wrong. That’s to be expected though, right? Only the God who created the immune system knows everything there is to know about it.
By wisdom the Lord laid the earth’s foundations, by understanding he set the heavens in place; by his knowledge the watery depths were divided, and the clouds let drop the dew. Proverbs 3: 19-20
For you [God] created my inmost being [including my immune system]; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. [Hard to top that, right?] I praise you because I am fearfully [not the scared kind of fear] and wonderfully made [minus the time you were texting while creating our jacked up immune systems]. Your works are wonderful [except you left us completely defenseless to disease without the use of dead babies and hazardous substances]. […] My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place [but the scientific community would like to pretend it was], when I was woven together in the depths of the earth. Your eyes saw my unformed body [woah, now we’re getting personal]; all the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be. [You mean, God knows everything?] Psalm 139:13-16 (emphasis mine).

Why don’t we translate that Pulitzer-winning argument:

Physicians/researchers, some of whom have a chronic autoimmune disease themselves, went to school for over at least eight years to find better therapeutic options or possibly a cure, but screw them for wanting to learn more instead of believing they’re omnipotent demi-gods.”  

Her point relies on physicians being fallible humans, which will always be the case. It’s a red herring.  Despite knowing they don’t have all the answers, rheumatologists care about his/her patients with autoimmune diseases. They’ve dedicated 4 years of undergrad 4 years of med school, board exams, 3+ years of residency working 90+ hours a week, and completed a fellowship to show they care and learn as much as they can about it. In addition, her comment about the immune system and autoimmune etiology is erroneous. We already know the cause of a lot of auto-immune diseases- it’s the cures we still need so badly. We already know quite a bit about how anti-self T cells show up. We already know a ton about immunology. And while doctors are working so hard to help their patients, she has already expressed that she sees her children as more valuable than anyone else. Who are you more willing to trust? A random mom who doesn’t care about your child, or a doctor who has sacrificed their time and money to save you?

Unless she knows more about the immune system than doctors do and shows examples of philanthropy, her point here is just going to dig her own grave again. She seems to do that a lot. On top of it, it’s angering to me that she had the audacity to bring up autoimmune diseases as someone who has never suffered from one, especially considering so many people in my family, and even my husband, have one. She doesn’t know what it’s like to check her husband’s pulse in the night. She doesn’t know what it’s like to hear that they found a lesion in his brain. She doesn’t know what it’s like to see her mother screaming in pain at night. Heck, she doesn’t even know what albumin is. She thinks albumin is scary. She doesn’t even know what a cell line is. She is too lazy to learn about biology before trying to debate it, yet is expecting a free handout for some time spent on Google in place of a real degree.

Also, I’m worried that she has never heard of a congenital condition. Some people are born with a ton of physical complications to no fault of their own. And every time she expresses her disgust at people who know the immune system isn’t flawless, I get concerned that she has no idea mutations even exist. I truly have no idea if she’s aware of the slew of physical complications that can develop from our natural biology not being inherently flawless.

If you are a Christian and are trying to figure out whether it’s wise to vaccinate, consider this:
“Trust in the Lord with all of your heart and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight – Proverbs 3:5-6.”
In other words, read and follow God’s Word:
But the Bible wasn’t written by God. Wrong. See 2 Timothy 3:16.
Well, the Bible is outdated. Wrong. See Hebrews 4:12.
The Old Testament doesn’t apply to our lives today. Wrong again. See Matthew 5:17.

NONE OF THESE ARE ABOUT VACCINES.

Song of Solomon 8:10: “I am a wall and my breasts are like towers.” 

Who on earth is using “the Bible is outdated” and random hackneyed statements about the Old Testament as an argument for vaccination? Who on earth is doing this? How about

“I don’t like death.” -Me


But thank God we have vaccines that have prevented so many (unsubstantiated) deaths. I hear this one a lot. I thank God for many things, but how can I “thank God” for vaccines that injure children each and every day, for the rise in cancer caused by contaminated vaccines, for bad science that puts the health of our children at risk, and for institutions that are so corrupt and greed-driven that they’re willing to flat-out ignore vaccine adverse reactions and vaccine-injured children? (Although we shouldn’t be surprised, the Bible talks about this too — Matthew 6:24, Revelations 18:11.)
Most Christians probably haven’t questioned vaccines or even thought about this from a God perspective. I used to be one of them. Regardless, we serve the same God and we should stop pretending that God supports vaccines (at least … in their current state).

I was taught that lying is a sin. I guess she missed those Bible verses.

What children being injured every day? She provides sources for a majority of her claims (crappy sources, but at least she tried), yet is strangely quiet on this substantial claim. Gee, I wonder why. Why does she go on and on about God’s judgment and condemn Christians who vaccinate while blatantly lying through her teeth? I’ve worked in a hospital for 5 years, and I’ve never seen a single “vaccine injury,” other than one low-grade fever. I have, however, seen young 20-somethings die of influenza. Think I’m lying? Ask any emergency doc if they’ve seen a vaccine injury before. When anti-vaxxers do that and don’t get the response they were hoping for, they call the doctor a shill and just solidify their viewpoints even more. “You’ve never seen an injury? Yeah right, whose paying you to say that?” Ask any ER nurse, tech, or doctor how many “vaccine injuries” they’ve seen, and I guarantee it will be about as high as Bigfoot sightings.

And what money? Where is my payout? Not a single anti-vaxxer has ever been able to tell me where my payout is. I will give you my entire payout if you tell me where it’s located. Where do I get it? Because according to statistics, its anti-vaxxers who are rich. And we see an example with her being a white lawyer married to a white doctor. I’m over 200 grand in student loan debts and could qualify for food stamps. What a hypocrite.

In reality, disease is expensive. Influenza has both a high mortality and a high economic burden:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X07003854

If fact, there’s such a high economic burden that it makes no sense to say that they’re doing it for unscrupulous reasons. Hospitals would make way more money with people diagnosed with influenza compared to vaccinating:

http://www.who.int/influenza_vaccines_plan/resources/ARTICLE_Economic_Impact_of_Pandemic_Influenza_in_the_US.pdf


How can I thank God for the immaturity, hate, bullying, and coercion being inflicted upon the un-vaccinated and for vaccine adverse reactions like brain encephalopathy, food allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, vaccine associated chicken pox, measles, mumps, and vaccine associated paralytic polio, immunologic disorders, multiple sclerosis, brain damage, SIDS, and death?
I could go on for nine more pages, but I’ll leave you with this: The Bible does not reference vaccines specifically, but it does reference pharmaceuticals … to which vaccines belong. You know what the Bible calls this? Sorcery (Gal 5:20, Rev 9:21, 18:23, 21:8, and 22:15). Actually the Greek word for sorcery is “pharmakeia.” Pretty ironic, don’t ya think? And no, I’m not saying God is “anti medicine.” I’m saying God is anti-anything that contradicts His Word and the Word is what we Christians claim to live by.

Again, she didn’t back up her claims. Gee, I wonder why? Maybe it’s because everything she’s describing is actually what anti-vaxxers do:

Cyberbullying and threatening to murder children, using pictures of other people’s children to claim they were “vaccine injured,” faking their own children’s injuries, openly admitting they committed fraud by faking their children’s injuriesfaking their own injuries, giving false reportsencouraging moms to lie about their children’s vaccination status (even when lying may directly harm their child), defending mothers who murdered their autistic children, writing fake reviews for every doctor who disagrees with them, blaming vaccines on shaken baby syndrome (and continuing to blame after the perpetrator confessed), openly supporting eugenics, The creators of Vaxxed cyberbullying individuals on the spectrum while pretending to defend them, anti-vaccine doctors making rape jokes and cyberbullying others, and let’s not forget their rampant displays of homophobia/transphobia, racism, and anti-Semitism.

I could go on for 9 pages too.

Maybe it’s because most of her claims of “injury” are actually side effects to vaccine-preventable diseases, according to the real world of epidemiology?

Maybe it’s because, using their logic, vaccination decreases the risk of SIDS by half?

Maybe it’s because she just said we didn’t know what caused auto-immune diseases, yet randomly invented a cause of arthritis?

Maybe this is why the most she could give in that last paragraph was a link to a vaccine insert that is readily available on the manufacturer’s websites. Maybe she’d like to mention that vaccine inserts aren’t the same thing as a black box label, but I highly doubt she’d want to do that.

And what “bad science?” If she’s uncomfortable with all of the peer-review out there showing the safety and efficacy of vaccination, then what the heck does she want? Because I’m pretty sure “bad science” is Wakefield secretly giving autistic children colonoscopies and taking their blood from a closet without consulting ethics committees, but what would I know as an actual scientist who has taken multiple research ethics courses?

Other countries also show its efficacy. This isn’t just some United States “big pharma” conspiracy. The data is regularly available:

It does not cause Stillbirth in vaccinated vs unvaccinated studies:  

It is especially important for the elderly, according to controlled double-blind studies and meta-analyses:

And let’s talk about “sorcery.” To an atheist, biology and religion are separate. The end. But if you believe a higher power created the universe, then creation and creator can’t be unrelated. As a kid, I was told that God is life and created life. If God created life, then biology as the “study of life” would be another branch of theology. And since science has a system to how it interprets information, acquiring data and running analyses, this isn’t assumption thrown down on paper. This is observing creation, taking note of it, and caring about it. The ones that are poorly done get weeded out (like Wakefield). I get my information from reputable sources and meta-analyses. Homeopathy, on the other hand, is not backed up by “the study of life.” It involves ointments and crystals, basing interpretation of watered-down herbs and astrological signs. That sounds a lot more like “sorcery” to me than a branch of theology, except at least sorcery would probably work better, as vitamins and supplements are responsible for sending 20,000 people to the hospital annually. Alternative medicine proponents can’t even make their expensive placebos correctly without hospitalizing someone.

As for her bastardization of etymology, she left out the little detail that the word “pharmacology” in English is derived from “pharmacy,” a word from the late 14th century meaning “a medicine,” from Old French farmacie “a purgative.” The word stems from a combination of both Greek and Latin roots. Just like a majority of words we use in the English language, the definition has changed. “Sorcery” may stem from its roots, but pharmaceuticals quite obviously don’t involve witchcraft, and pharmaceuticals have drastically changed over time. Original roots do not always keep the same definition. If so, boy are we using the word “terrific” inappropriately. Homeopathy would also be defined as “sympathetic.” Using original Latin and Greek roots to find some kind of secret hidden meaning to a word that already exists in the English dictionary is moronic.

She IS implying God is anti-medicine. She just used the Bible to claim it was sorcery, and thinks God is against vaccination. Yes, that is absolutely implying he is anti-medicine. There is no reason to think that you have to stop vaccinating as a Christian.

Refutations to ridiculous anti-vaccine claims

I don’t normally like posting long lists of random peer review without diving into them individually and explaining their data and results in detail. In this circumstance, due to rumors that are directly harming the elderly, neonates, and the immunocompromised by increasing the rate of preventable diseases in the United States, I’m trying to shorten this as much as possible instead of making this the equivalent of a thesis. Since most of the anti-vaccine arguments I’ve seen are simple lazy copy-and-paste jobs from a Scribd document, I’m going to copy and paste articles I’ve read and accumulated over time that help highlight the erroneous assumptions behind many anti-vaccine arguments. I also want to clarify that these are not the only articles available. I know already that few have time to scroll through giant long lists, but if people want more, I can absolutely provide more. In the future, I’m going to break each one of these down one-by-one.

Anti-vaccine claim: “No studies exist comparing vaccinated individuals to unvaccinated individuals!”

Reality: there are actually many studies comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals. 

Studies comparing vaccinated vs unvaccinated individuals 

Anti-vaccine claim: My unvaccinated child is smarter than all of their peers, and it’s because we gave them immunity the natural way!

Or: “Science proves vaccinated kids are less intelligent!”

Or… pretty much anything else anecdotal about how great/healthy their unvaccinated kids are compared to the nasty vaccinated children

Reality: Have comments like these actually worked on anyone, regardless of conversation? Has anyone looked at a “my fetus is an honor student” (close enough) bumper sticker and truly thought, “Wow, I bet he’ll be the next Albert Einstein!” Moms simply have a tendency to think their kid is the best. I’m not making a statement about anti-vaxxer moms, I’m facetiously pointing out how this is simple bragging practically every parent does as soon as their little bundle is born and should not be counted as evidence for quite obvious reasons. 

Nevertheless, available peer-reviewed evidence actually shows vaccinated kids performing better on cognitive exams, but because I’m not new to research, I can almost guarantee this probably isn’t a direct cause-and-effect either. Unless, of course, we’re talking about the lower chance of one’s amygdala getting deep-fried by measles encephalitis. One also needs to take into consideration confounding variables, like how parents with a higher IQ may be more likely to vaccinate in the first place. In all seriousness though, the “my kids are healthy so you must be wrong” is one of the most puerile arguments when it comes to what I often see from anti-vaxxers. 

Vaccinated children also perform better on cognitive exams and have better educational attainment on average

Anti-vaccine claim: Vaccines haven’t done anything at all to help society! It’s all due to (insert: some explanation about hygiene changes or some kind of description of a particular snake oil)

Reality: I’m almost scared that I have to provide evidence for this when so many people were able to directly observe the life-saving effects of vaccines just a couple generations ago. It’s amazing how much life can change in a single generation when one doesn’t read about history. I would say “just ask someone older than you,” but I don’t want it to appear like a cop-out without providing at least a couple studies. 

Vaccines save lives and have reduced mortality and prevalence of disease: 

Anti-vaccine claim: “Every time a breakout occurs, it’s because of vaccinated kids! When outbreaks occur, more vaccinated kids got sick than unvaccinated!”

Reality: Let’s pretend that a similar outbreak happened at a high school well after students should have been vaccinated, and everyone had documentation. This is an anti-vaxxer’s dream scenario. So in this hypothetical scenario, 16 students got sick with the measles. Now let’s say anti-vaxxers are totally right, and most of the individuals who got sick were vaccinated. Let’s put that percentage at 75%. So that means 4 kids who were unvaccinated got sick and 12 kids who were vaccinated got sick. Oh my god, we should totally stop vaccinating! Except… there’s not just 16 kids in a school. There are 2,000 kids in this school, and most of them (statistically speaking) are going to be vaccinated. This number would be, according to the most recent studies I can find, around 1,975. 

Do you know what that leaves us with? 0.6% of those who were vaccinated in the school got the measles. That means 99.4% of the vaccinated students didn’t get sick. Even if the number was actually as high as 90%, that still means only 0.7% of the vaccinated students got the measles. This is basic middle school math. What we’re left with is almost always a majority of the unvaccinated getting sick, and that is definitely not helping their case. 

But because I like backing things up, here is evidence that outbreaks are often seen in undervaccinated communities/schools and are often also linked to the anti-vaccine movement (imagine that): 

Anti-vaccine claim: “Measles is a childhood illness that we all survived just fine, and there is no reason to vaccinate!”

Reality: Measles can actually be deadly, especially when it comes to SSPE. And few in the last decade have died from it BECAUSE. OF. THE. VACCINE. Before the introduction of an effective vaccine the USA had 300-700 deaths a year from measles pneumonia and encephalitis, and 20-100 cases of permanent mental handicap a year from measles encephalitis (Isaacs & Menser 1990)

Measles vaccination is important and greatly reduces the number of cases and deaths 

In fact, children vaccinated against the measles not only have decreased mortality from being protected from measles deaths, but also have decreased mortality in general: 

Anti-vaccine claim: “Other countries hate vaccines and their studies show it! Kids are dying in (name random developing country)!” or “China/Japan/other developed country refuse to vaccinate because they know better!”

Reality: Do you think nobody else in the US has ever immigrated from another country or has never traveled to another country? Yes, other countries find similar results to us, and no, they are not refusing to vaccinate. In fact, China is already in conducting clinical trials on hand foot & mouth vaccines. Other countries, specifically developing countries, have vaccines the US doesn’t even recommend, such as yellow fever and tuberculosis. You would think, if it was all a conspiracy, that we would have to get those vaccines as well if it was really all about profitYou would think that we wouldn’t have gotten rid of other vaccines that did actually cause intussusception and other linked side effects if it was all about Big Pharma profit. Regardless, I’ll provide some studies that provide evidence that less “BigPharma-y” countries are not refusing to vaccinate and are actually studying this just like the United States.   

Other countries show little reactions to vaccinations as well as increased benefits

Yes, I know what you’re thinking. “That is the most random list I’ve ever seen, you didn’t even mention Azerbaijan!” (or whatever country you were picturing). I agree, I would be here for months if I was truly going to list out every country and vaccine one by one. That’s the problem with generalizing when throwing out pseudoscience, I don’t even know where to start. I’m just throwing in random examples of peer-review from researchers in other countries, who are also finding similar results and conducting clinical trials in a passive-aggressive manner. If you want a specific country and a specific vaccine, just bleeping look for it.

I do, however, think it’s specifically important to highlight how we can see overall changes in disease incidence and mortality due to vaccination movements.

Other countries show reduced or eradicated diseases due to vaccination and reduced mortality rates: 

Not to mention there have even been articles showing an increase in economic welfare, productivity, and general wellbeing from not having to tend to themselves or their sick children: 

 

Anti-Vaccine-claim: “herd immunity doesn’t exist.”

Reality: Oh, yes it does. And many of your questions regarding its validity can be answered so precisely that they can be linked directly to mathematical equations and very detailed papers. Questioning is a part of life, and researchers for decades have been asking the same questions regarding its effectiveness, providing specific ways to determine the efficacy and herd immunity in regards to particular vaccines. And if you think that math itself is a government conspiracy, then I can’t help you. 

The importance of immunization and available mathematical modeling 

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5404202/ 
  2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rmv.1980020304/full
  3. http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40885
  4. http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/115/772/700
  5. http://sci-hub.cc/10.1038/nrmicro1845
  6. http://sci-hub.cc/10.1137%2FS0036144500371907
  7. https://waset.org/Publication/tuberculosis-modelling-using-bio-pepa-approach/9996654

Normally I wouldn’t provide wikipedia as a valid source, but it does a great job explaining herd immunity in a simple format using many of these same equations. That’s perfectly fine if you don’t count it as a valid source of information. But since I’m already stooping to a low level, I might as well include this.

Anti-vaccine claim: Big pharma makes so much money off of vaccines!

Reality: “BigPharma” isn’t making giant hoards of money from vaccines. Vaccines are actually pretty cost-effective considering they prevent disease, and “BigPharma” is PAYING to save children in other countries through vaccination. It would be the most idiotic conspiracy known to mankind, considering the amount of money people spend on other medications. The amount earned significantly changes when it is actually compared to the amount lost. Really, this guy explains it better than me:

https://www.skepticalraptor.com/skepticalraptorblog.php/big-pharma-supports-antivaccine-movement-conspirac-vaccines-maybe-not/

Anti-vaccine claim: Well… so what? I can choose what I want. It doesn’t affect anyone else, and your kids shouldn’t have to worry if they’re vaccinated

Reality: Anti-vaxxers negatively impact the community around them by contributing to spreading illness and doubt of medicine

Articles expressing the mindset/repercussions of the anti-vaccine movement: 

  1. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089177&fullSite
  2. http://ben-israel.rutgers.edu/711/Vaccination-Games.pdf
  3. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X11019086
  4. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X08000315
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21993613/
  6. http://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(00)70022-8/abstract
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19326630/
  8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X06002076?via%3Dihub
  9. http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2
  10. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jwh.2008.1329
  11. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0e6e/916d89f8c85b77b32a36bcf2abc29043b79b.pdf

Anti-vaccine claim: Why does no one bring up VAERS?

Reality: Because it’s not accurate enough. A lot of random unrelated crap is blamed on vaccines, and VAERS doesn’t truly show the side effects of vaccines.

VAERS is important and a great idea, but still needs work: 

Anti-vaccine claim: Well, we can vaccinate, but we shouldn’t have the same vaccine schedule

Reality: the vaccine schedule is done for a reason.

Importance of the vaccine schedule (I added more articles due to the amount of heavy miscommunication)

Anti-vaccine claim: “Well what about the non-required vaccines? Gardasil has horrible side effects and has no benefit, yet everyone is wants me to vaccinate my son and daughter. Why should I vaccinate my son for cervical cancer?

Reality: because it can case esophageal and anal cancer as well. Gardasil is actually very safe, very effective, has few side effects, and the most I ever got was a sore arm. It is a literal cancer prophylaxis, so why on earth would you choose to not protect your children from a deadly cancer from a virus most people end up contracting? Isn’t prevention more important than treatment? I’ll probably write a post on gardasil itself, as people keep spreading false information about it. It’s amazing how much people stress how “bad” a vaccine is when it involves women’s sex 

HPV vaccine is safe and effective: 

Gardasil isn’t the only cancer prophylaxis: the HBV vaccine also prevents liver cancer:

Anti-vaccine claim: But what about the toxins in vaccines? Those are totally linked with “insert whatever here”

Reality: They keep moving the goalposts on this one, and it repeatedly falls back into a fear of autism. First they were obsessed with thimerosal, which was subsequently removed from all required childhood vaccines over a decade ago, and we found out that rates of autism still increased (it’s almost as if it’s genetic and people are still breeding). When they discovered this, they decided it must be aluminum hydroxide, then. Next it will be saline. Then oxygen. Then NASA saying the earth is round. God only knows. They will call anything a toxin except the botulinum toxin they have injected into their face. 

They don’t even call thimerosal a toxin if it’s labeled organic, I shit you not. I haven’t laughed this hard in a long time: 

Screen Shot 2017-07-19 at 11.02.57 PM

Regardless, thimerosal still isn’t linked to autism:

Vaccines in general also aren’t linked to autism:

What about aluminum hydroxide? It’s seriously an antacid, and isn’t the same thing as aluminum just like thimerosal isn’t the same thing as mercury. Chemical formulas are actually important. And aluminum hydroxide is studied in kids and pregnant women alike, often with double-blind placebo trials. You know, that type of study anti-vaxxers claim don’t exist. And notice WHY it is used in this circumstance- purposely risking kids lives by having some unknowingly unvaccinated is considered unethical for….some strange reason. When it can be used without killing people and bringing back polio, it is preferred. Regardless, some double-blind placebo studies did take place awhile back before ethics committees cracked down on them. We’ll still see them with clinical trials of gardasil, but not experimental studies for required vaccines. Nobody wants to sign up for that.

Anyways, here’s a double-blind placebo study in twins showing few adverse reactions to MMR:

Not like I’m complaining about that- it’s for the protection of citizens from a researcher who may want to redo the Tuskegee Syphilis Studies (if you don’t know what that is, I suggest looking it up. It was one of the most horrific examples of genocide via science that led to the deaths of many African-American men). We need ethics.

Sorry, I went off on a tangent there. Back to showing how aluminum hydroxide isn’t toxic.

Aluminum hydroxide used as an adjuvant for a potential group B strep infection in pregnant women:

Aluminum hydroxide used as an adjuvant for children in randomized controlled studies

Aluminum hydroxide in randomized controlled studies do not attribute them to horrible side effects

Aluminum hydroxide is actually used in studies as a placebo. 

Effectiveness of aluminum hydroxide

Aluminum hydroxide is safe, is used frequently as an anti-acid, and has to be used daily over years with very high amounts to illicit any kind of toxicity

We get it, you hate birth control (Part II)

The world just doesn’t quite have enough men without any background in science explaining to women how birth control is harmful. If only we had more random dudebros researching via google and vomiting back information they can’t physically understand regarding information they’ve never studied from peer-reviewed articles they have no access to. Wouldn’t that be nice and educational? Regardless of none of these guys being able to so much as explain the difference between an atom and a molecule, somehow they’ve amazingly obtained an intricate understanding of pharmacology, physiology, neurology, endocrinology, and oncology overnight. My god, the brilliance these men must have!

Birth control can have negative side effects just like any other kind of medication. This shouldn’t be surprising. Even vitamins/supplements are responsible for over 300,000 hospitalizations annually, so it’s no wonder oral contraceptives can have side effects as well. Birth control is beneficial for some and harmful to others. That’s why it’s important to talk to a real doctor before you take any medication. Those with a family history of certain vascular disorders may be more prone to clotting, which could lead to stroke, pulmonary embolism, or DVT. You also do not want to smoke while taking most oral contraceptives. Certain medications like anticonvulsants can interfere with its metabolism. And not to sound like an ad, but free to ask your OB/GYN questions regarding what kind of birth control method you should use. That’s what they’re there for. If you experience negative side effects like depression, cramping, etc. there is absolutely nothing wrong with changing the meds, methods, or stopping the medication and sticking with condoms. I had horrible side effects with an IUD such as heavy bleeding and irritability, but the pill has worked fantastically for me. While I can definitely agree that more women should know details about the medication they’re taking (though I’ll post problems I have with our shitty sex ed another time), the fact that oral contraceptives have side effects is not a valid reason to try to eradicate them. They’re simply side effects to be aware of as a precaution, just like any other medication out there. Women are not dropping dead like flies.


 

Anyways, here’s part II of Darwin Award-worthy posts about how women should stop taking birth control from some guy named Matt Walsh who apparently enjoys whining a lot and posting pseudoscience as factual information.

Here’s the link to the article: Matt Walsh Tries To Explain Science

And here’s his introduction on his own page:

“The birth control pill is poison, plain and simple.”

“You sure about that?” – John Cena

They inject synthetic hormones in cows, and everyone freaks out. They prescribe it to perfectly healthy women, and we scream “liberation!” Something is wrong here.

I’ll tell you what’s wrong here: a person who doesn’t understand a single goddamn thing about medication is trying to write a post explaining how it works. He apparently thinks synthetic human estradiol and synthetic bovine somatostatin are synonymous. If he’s even talking about BST; he didn’t exactly bother specifying whether he was referring to the synthetic hormones given to beef or dairy cattle. Which one of those am I supposedly freaking out while I drink this cappuccino with 2% milk and eat this delicious burger?  He said “everybody,” but I had no idea I was freaking out about it. And how on earth are hormones given to cows related to oral contraceptives to begin with? They’re not even the same fucking macromolecule, for crying out loud. One is a peptide hormone and one is a steroid. They have completely different structures and modes of metabolism. They not only affect different body organs, but affect different organs in completely different species.

There are many, many hormones in the human body, many of which have a synthetic version. And none of those involve bovine growth hormones.

“A couple of notes about this post: 1) yes, I’m a man. I can already hear the objections. “You’re a man! How can you have an opinion about birth control?” Well, because I can read. I just read a whole book last week, actually. Green Eggs and Ham. You should check it out, really dense but quite engaging. Besides, most men have opinions about the pill. It’s just that their opinion is, ‘hey, it makes my life easier, so I don’t care about the side effects.’

And here’s a couple of notes about my post that I’ll direct to Matt Walsh himself, who will probably never read this (but I’ll  have fun anyways):

  1. I am a feminist who has respected a lot of medical information regarding my own genitalia from men, considering I had a man as my OB/GYN for years before I moved states. He was great. He had something called (and I know this may be hard for you to pronounce) a “medical degree.” So really, my whole argument is, “You couldn’t even label a diagram of my genitals or so much as tell me what cytochrome pathway Tylenol uses, so how can you call yourself qualified enough to teach women endocrine pharmacology?”
  2. I don’t know why your expectations of men are so disgustingly low, but I am married to a fantastic man who doesn’t treat me like a slab of meat. Yes, assholes exist. People who treat others like shit aren’t exactly limited to one gender, though. Assuming most men would willingly watch their wives suffer for the sake of their penis is beyond insulting. Believe it or not, many men care about whether or not the medication their wife/girlfriend is taking is going to give them a fucking stroke.

Here’s the problem:  The “alt-right” will repeatedly tell others they need to work hard to achieve things in life. That being said, if you’re not willing to actually work hard to obtain the degrees required to educate others on how bodies work, I’ll likewise consider you a sucker of other’s resources (dendritic spines in this case).  Your laziness by not going to medical, pharmacology, or graduate school isn’t my problem. You can’t just be handed free things in life, snowflake. You have to earn it.


 

Great, now let’s get to his main points on his actual article.

“I saw on the news last week that birth control pills are now potentially linked to brain cancer.”

Wow, you saw click-bait and clicked on it! I have long had a peeve with the media presenting scientific articles as click-bait, but I’ll save that post for another time.

“According to the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (I have a monthly subscription — got it in a package deal along with Highlights Magazine) women who took chemical birth control at any point in their lives show a 50 percent higher likelihood of developing a certain type of brain tumor. The researchers concluded that the results, though startling, shouldn’t be viewed as a reason to discontinue using the pill.

We were so close. I had a glimmer of hope when I saw him actually admit that the researchers concluded that their results shouldn’t be viewed as a reason to discontinue the pill. I physically gasped, thinking “holy crap, thank you, this guy cares about the actual research.” It truly surprised me, because even though he still added the words “though startling,” that weren’t ever mentioned, he didn’t seem the type to add a point of truth to his articles. But then he totally fucked it up in the next sentence. Sigh. So close.

“They’re right. Just those results, alone in a vacuum, would only probably be a good reason to never take an oral contraceptive. But put it in a blender and mix it with all of the other negative aspects of the pill, and you end up with one horrific smoothie.”

As a scientist myself, I know firsthand that they have to put those disclaimers in specifically so people like him don’t do exactly what he just fucking did. “Alone in a vacuum?” I seriously have no idea why he chose to make this point. “Alone in a vacuum,” though already a rather cringe-worthy physics analogy, would be the only time to actually take the research seriously, since all of the research I could find involving gliomas and oral contraceptives didn’t find a correlation. That includes the research blatantly mentioned in the original study. This study, when compared to other similar studies, gets drowned out by all of the other research contradicting it. But it is a really important subject to continue researching (at least in my opinion).

But I can imagine him saying something along the lines of: “Oh my god, you dumb feminazi baby-killer! I was talking about comparing this study with all of the other negative side effects combined!”

Which would be fallacious at best. What was presented was whether or not certain birth controls are associated with certain gliomas. And its accuracy wasn’t even determined before he decided to go ahead and compare that to other side effects, many of which also haven’t been supported, especially in people without pre-existing conditions.

We know so little about the etiology of gliomas that I would love to know whether or not hormone levels could come into play. My god, I would burn my birth control in a heartbeat if we discovered it to be a major cause. I doubt this guy even realizes how bad gliomas are. Of course, men get them too, so they obviously wouldn’t be limited to contraception and would most likely involve multiple factors in both men and women. But if we knew that one of them (or more) could truly be influenced by birth control, that would be a huge step in science and change the field of oncology. It just doesn’t actually tell us anything yet, and may never do so.

So what did this article actually conclude? 

Not much, but it gives a foundation for other studies to work off of. As I previously mentioned, I think studies like this are important, and I am not throwing this out and saying “it’s all bullshit!” But any researcher out there knows you can’t just accept a study with more than a grain of salt, especially when it hasn’t been repeated. Let me elaborate: this study was only observing Danish women. That’s it. So it was mainly just the same ethnicity from the same location. Therefore, there wasn’t much variability at all. The same study mentioned finding similar results when taking socioeconomic status into effect and how it could be a confounding variable. To quote from the actual study (Anderson et al 2015), “We cannot exclude that women using hormonal contraceptives may seek medical consultation more often than women in general, leading to greater possibility of brain tumor detection in this population (surveillance bias).” It makes sense that women who have more access to medical care or are focused on preventative measures are going to be diagnosed with gliomas (aside from neuroglioblastoma, which is very fast) more frequently anyways. They continue: “Except for parity, we could not adjust for reproductive factors such as age of menarche, or for anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI), because the registries do not contain this information.” This was missing a ton of information, it wasn’t a study involving following the same people over the course of their lifetimes (called a longitudinal study), nor was it experimental. Practically any human experimental studies linking gliomas to birth control would be obviously thrown out as an option to begin with, since it would be extremely unethical (“we’re just going to try to see if we can give you a horrible deadly brain cancer that will kill you in a couple months”). Obviously that isn’t an option. That being said, it’s going to take a long time to figure out if there’s a true concern, especially considering glioma rates haven’t spiked after the introduction of birth control. In actuality, there is no reason to discard one’s birth control out of fear it leads to brain cancer, as the study specifically mentioned.

Do you know what else can cause cancer? Pregnancy. I shit you not.

Obviously I would look like a moron telling women to avoid pregnancy because of cancer risk, as it is extremely rare and overall ridiculous in general to mention such a thing. I sure as hell haven’t met a single woman who ever got cancer from pregnancy. In a similar manner, telling women to avoid birth control because of a small Danish observational study about an extremely rare cancer with debatable etiology that could have also been affected by many other factors is downright laughable. If cohort studies from multiple countries support this, that changes things.

Speaking of smoothies, in a country where health food is all the rage, trans-fats are banned, cigarettes are all but banned, and sugary sodas are next on the chopping block, birth control pills would be no doubt subject to severe scrutiny if not for the fact that they are the Eucharist to liberal feminism

This is a textbook example of a tu quoque fallacy (and that’s ignoring the ad hominem regarding feminists). No, people are not somehow hypocrites because they like to eat healthy food while simultaneously liking Western medicine. Taking birth control doesn’t somehow negate one’s food preference or choice of eyebrow pencil for that matter. Not to mention it’s two years later and sugary sodas still aren’t remotely close to being banned, cigarettes aren’t banned, and practically every point he was trying to make, ignoring the fallacy it was built off of, was a theatrical attempt to mock people who simply want to have less processed food. That’s an entirely different argument. As a fan of GMOs, I think that people can be histrionic sometimes when it comes to health food, definitely. But someone’s love of organic food isn’t an actual reason to advocate against birth control. I can’t believe I’m having to explain that.

I am not saying only liberal feminists take birth control pills. I am saying the pill is particularly crucial to liberal feminist philosophy because it’s seen as a “liberation” from their feminine biology. I’m sure some women take it and don’t see it that way. Still, it is a sacred chemical cow because of its political and social implications.

When he adds “I’m sure some women take it and don’t see it that way,” he still haven’t supported that one single woman out there thinks that way in the first place.

What he’s implying is that those we’ve seen (which is everyone for me) falls out of the realm of normal. Another fallacy. It’s as if I said, “I’m sure some guys named Matt aren’t crazy puppy killers, but the rest of them totally are!” Wow, bullshitting is easy! First support how women find it “liberation from their feminine biology” before claiming that some may not.

To continue, what on earth does “liberation from feminine biology” mean in the first place?  It’s one thing if he’s talking about merely the freedom of more availability or being able to take birth control without getting arrested in the United States, but he’s making it sound as if this is all about feelings of hatred towards femininity. If taken for contraceptive reasons, women are simply using birth control to avoid unplanned pregnancy for the sake of better family planning as well as a to decrease the need for abortion. It really shouldn’t be a hard concept. Not to mention oral contraceptives work with our natural biology, and I’m not sure why I’m hearing otherwise explained to me by a guy with zero years of graduate school and zero years of one fucking college chemistry class.

If it did not have those implications — if people were as dogmatic about the pill as they are about, say, Tylenol — we’d be living in a very different culture, and I doubt that chemical birth control would be nearly as ubiquitous. (Yes, I agree “The Chemical Cows” would make a great name for an experimental indie rock band, ditto for “The Horrific Smoothies”).

Huh? Tylenol uses the cytochrome p450 system, which is the same cytochrome pathway as ethanol. Having a warning label on it that says not to take it with heavy doses of alcohol isn’t “dogmatic,” it’s just a fucking warning label just like the much longer warning label I have every goddamn month on my birth control pill container. I’m guessing this guy is probably the reason why we have weird warning labels on mattresses that say “do not attempt to swallow,” because he keeps claiming we’re not making big deals involving medication that has a warning label so long I have to physically remove it from my packet. Also, if he’s talking about freakouts over warning labels, I’ve never heard a single person bitch about Tylenol after years now of working in a hospital. There’s even a joke in Scrubs about tossing as many Tylenol at someone’s tongue that will stick- it’s a really wimpy medication in the medical field (Ibuprofen was used a different time for the same joke). The problem is liver damage with overdose or longtime use. This isn’t being dogmatic. Oral contraceptives have the complications explained all the time and Tylenol isn’t a common subject of scrutiny.

If a woman’s reproductive powers were seen as powers, rather than a disease or a burden or an oppression, I think conservatives and liberals alike could find many common reasons to reject the pill. If we could simply get past the notion that a woman must be liberated from her nature, we might all look at hormonal birth control and see it as the poison it is. And not just poison, but poison unfairly placed before women. Feminists are on a constant quest to find double standards, yet they miss the most obvious ones. Women assume the enormous risk and consequence of birth control, and men just get free sex out of the deal.

He keeps attempting to use negative emotions to draw us to the conclusion that we’re taking them for negative reasons, despite already knowing why we’re actually taking birth control. For those of you who think he is making a point, let me put it in another perspective: “If we could simply get past the notion that a man must rape someone else, we might all look at viagra and see it as the poison it is.” Obviously I would sound ridiculous, as this sentence would be purely emotion-driven and quite rude to men. My reproductive system isn’t a disease nor a power. It never was. My ovaries are merely part of my biology to the same extent as my pancreas or liver. I am simply taking some pills that are analogs of my natural hormones that bind to my natural god-given receptors that have been heavily studied in meta-analyses that have not given me negative side effects. Oral contraceptives have simply stopped me from ovulating during medical school, just like they stopped me from ovulating when I got my MS and my BS. I just want to take my own prescribed medication that I have been on for years with no adverse side effects, no matter how much that somehow bugs you. It’s not “poison,” and it’s not “unfairly placed.” It’s just my medication. Women wouldn’t need to feel liberated from something if men weren’t trying to prevent access to it.

What does “free sex out of the deal” mean? Does he normally pay for sex? Has anyone told this guy that birth control doesn’t protect people from STDs? A man should still always wear a condom for protection if he wants to sleep around, which is giving both individuals responsibilities. Sex with multiple partners is still risky. If he sleeps with someone who was diagnosed with HIV, he’s going to have to take a hardcore prophylaxis. And before I met my husband, who was my first boyfriend for that matter, I took birth control for years. I liked having a natural cycle, which birth control gave me, rather than 42-day cycles. Feminists aren’t on a “natural quest to find double standards,” and I don’t know if this guy understands what a double standard is. I don’t have time to go on quests. I just want to take my medication without an asshole who isn’t a doctor telling me not to.

1) A steady diet of potentially harmful chemicals.

These days, we don’t like to eat a hamburger if we find out the cow was injected with synthetic hormones. It’s bad for the environment, we say, and probably bad for us. Give us our beef chemical-free! No more chemicals! No more hormones in our food! This is our mantra, and we are willing to assume the cost and inconvenience to be assured that our chicken nuggets and T-bone steaks are organic and natural.

Yet those convictions somehow rarely apply to the highly potent mix of synthetic hormones many women consume on a near-daily basis for years and years of their lives. There really is no way to explain this contradiction, other than to say that our “organic” enthusiasm is either a lie or severely misapplied.

I think both, to some degree. I find that, in our culture, we often stumble upon the right conclusions, and then point them in precisely the wrong directions. In this case, we’re right to fret about consuming “chemicals” and synthetic hormones, but we ought to be far less worried about the chemicals that make our beef taste delicious, and far more worried about the chemicals that fundamentally alter a woman’s physiology and screw around with her reproductive system. It seems rather silly to get worked up over genetically modified food when we are so eager to chemically modify ourselves.

Everything is a chemical. The water I’m drinking is a chemical. As I stated before, someone advocating for cows (he finally linked an article to beef cattle) to not be injected with certain growth hormones doesn’t somehow negate the birth control or hypertension medication one is taking. He says, “there is no way to explain this contradiction,” which is probably because it’s built off of an appeal to hypocrisy (tu quoque) fallacy. I think our country does truly need to start substituting additives with better options or taking certain chemicals out of products, not because I’m a Big Pharma nutbag, but because of research. Triclosan, for instance. Turns out it’s completely unnecessary in soaps, but it’s still vital to have in an operating room. It’s also really cool to have in certain plastics, as it can leak out and keep a baby’s high chair sanitary for a long period of time. It’s just unnecessary in soaps due to pointlessness (it’s soap for goodness sake) and potential for certain resistance. NIH hasn’t, however, linked birth control to being a “highly potent mix of synthetic hormones.” That came out of this guy’s ass.

And here’s the kicker: many many many medications are synthetic chemicals. Every single one of these alters our physiology, which is precisely why they’re taken. That’s why we have clinical/cohort studies. I always wonder what people like this think medication normally is, as if everyone is popping glitter and sunshine except for scary birth control.

2) Diseasing a woman’s body.

The birth control pill is a dramatic and potentially harmful “medication” designed to “cure” a natural function of a woman’s body. It seems that men who develop and push these pills are vaguely sexist and anti-woman (OK, not vaguely) because they have literally made a female’s reproductive system into a sickness.

 

Uh… no, birth control pills are not “dramatic,” nor intended to “cure” anything. This guy is what is dramatic. And do you know what is sexist? Assuming that men are the ones advocating and “pushing” this medication. If you look up journal articles about birth control, whether sociological or biological studies, a crap ton of researchers studying it are women for quite obvious reasons. We’re usually the ones studying anything involving women’s reproduction for that matter, since so few male researchers give a crap, to a similar extent that most OB/GYNs are women. I’m not using hyperbole here or bashing male researchers for not wanting to study vaginas more, I’m truly saying that female researchers usually end up conducting studies involving our own hormones and biology because we’re the ones who care more about that stuff. The clitoris wasn’t even mapped out until 1998, and it took a female researcher to do it. Not only is this based off of my personal experience, I also encourage anyone who wants to simply type “birth control” into google scholar and see how many of the researchers are women.

That Time article about brain cancer I linked to above reminds us in the first sentence that “taking any drug is a matter of weighing the benefits and risks.” Yes, no question, but is there any other drug where the risks include blood clots and cancer (more on that in a minute) and the primary benefit is to stymie a natural, normal, and healthy bodily function? It carries risks similar to other medications, but unlike those other medications, it wasn’t primarily designed to treat a dysfunction. It was designed instead to cause dysfunction. The pill tricks a woman’s pituitary gland into essentially “thinking” she’s pregnant all the time. It prevents ovulation and causes the cervical mucus to thicken, mimicking how a woman’s body responds to pregnancy.

I really wish I knew which synthetic hormones/contraceptives he thinks are poison and work that way specifically:

  1. Estradiol
  2. Estrogens
    1. Conjugated A
    2. Conjugated B
    3. Esterified
  3. Estropipate
  4. Dropirenone/estradiol
  5. Estradiol/Levonorgestrel
  6. Etonegetrel
  7. Levonorgestrel
  8. Medroxyprogesterone
  9. Estradiol/Norethindrone
  10. Estradiol/Norgestimate
  11. Ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel
  12. Ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone
  13. Ethinyl estradiol/Ethynodiol diacetate
  14. Megestrol
  15. Progesterone
  16. Norethindrone
  17. Danazol
  18. Oxandrolone
  19. Nandrolone
  20. Mestranol
  21. Ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel
  22. Ethinyl estradiolNorelgestromin
  23. Clomiphine
  24. Raloxifene
  25. Tamoxifen
  26. Toremiphene
  27. Goserelin
  28. Flutamide
  29. Nilutamide
  30. Dutasteride
  31. Finasteride

No, I’m not finished, but I think everyone gets the hint now (I’d rather not continue). My point is that there are many synthetic hormones (some of which aren’t even synthetic) consisting of many different combinations, routes of administration, effects, and overall chemical structure.

Which ones are you referring to, Matty? Please draw out the ways you think they affect women negatively on a biochemical level.

I highly doubt he’d ever read this post. Darn, I would have really loved to see his response. What people like him need to take into consideration is the fact that we have actual PharmD’s studying details about pharmacology for 4+ years and creating the drugs. We have endocrinologist Ph.D.’s studying them. We have endocrinology MDs and OB/GYNs seeing the direct effects of them. We have other researchers looking specifically for certain risk factors. Birth control is not thrown out there by random dude-bros who created it in their neighbor’s meth lab. It has taken decades of research from multiple branches of science, and that research is continually growing.

DVT risk is blatantly stated on the insert of the birth control I’m taking, and the risk of DVT/stroke is there because of women who have genetic vascular disorders, which I don’t have. Regardless, I am aware that it is a potential side effect. Everyone should be aware of that. The cancer risk, the actual cancer risks (not the brain cancer that hasn’t been supported yet) are about six of one, half-dozen of another. It seems to reduce endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers and increase chances of breast cancer. As for the increase in breast cancer, risk seems to decrease when women stop taking the medication, it is localized to the breast, and the increase is very small to begin with (especially in OCs containing lower doses of estrogen). In fact, when it comes to birth control and mortality,  It very well may increase life expectancy.

In a giant meta-analyses made into a giant manuscript covering many peer-reviewed journals, these researchers expressed that it may be used as a prophylaxis to protect women from getting cancer. Again: It may save women’s lives

Oh, so you’re just going to ignore all of the evidence that points to it potentially causing cancer?”

Definitely not. That’s why I already blatantly stated it, and I’ll further elaborate. The one cancer it is actually shown to be associated with oral contraceptives is called hepatocellular adenoma, which is a benign tumor (it’s not malignant). And yes, I’m aware that nobody wants any form of cancer at all. I’m just explaining that this is a tad different than claiming it causes neuroglioblastoma. Birth control and cancer is still a highly debated subject in the research field. That being said, even someone with a BRCA mutation doesn’t necessarily have a higher risk. It will still need to be mentioned to a physician, though. Others may not have an underlying predisposition, but may want to take the precaution by checking for lumps/breast changes. This is always a good idea and highly recommended for any woman out there.

Also, birth control doesn’t “trick the body” into thinking it’s pregnant. Just because a person is not ovulating doesn’t mean her body is mimicking pregnancy. I think this started off as merely an analogy for the purpose of explaining why one’s body isn’t ovulating that has turned into an overused statement that isn’t actually medically accurate. Thicker mucus caused by progestin isn’t comparable to slowly developing a mucus plug. Instead, oral contraceptives keep estrogen and progesterone at their baseline levels. Its effect on leutinizing hormone is indirect as a result of the prevention of the estrogen surge. LH is merely responding to that estrogen surge every cycle, and doesn’t sit around worrying if it doesn’t get it.

Here’s a nice little overview of its mechanism

Here’s another one

Yes, there are other medications that cause what this guy refers to as “dysfunction.” I say “this guy,” because all medications are going to be affecting the body’s natural function in some way (which is the entire purpose of taking it). Here he’s referring to stopping something that is functioning fine naturally. Other meds like that exist. Hair loss pills (male pattern baldness is simply due to a guy’s own hormones and isn’t a dysfunction), Botox affecting the Ach receptors, the list goes on. But from a histological perspective, the endometrial lining undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia when pregnant (which isn’t the case with birth control).  It’s totally natural and a part of our biology, but hyperplasia in many other locations  would be seen as concerning and indicative of a problem. What I’m saying is that even our natural biology could be argued as “dysfunctional” if observing it at a single point of time instead of a form of cellular adaptation for an overall purpose. Bashing medication for “causing dysfunction” in the same area in which it seems to prevent cancer is a rather strange thing to claim.

“They” also didn’t “literally” make women’s reproduction into a sickness, because it wouldn’t have been approved by the FDA if that was the case. Instead, a woman’s reproductive cycle will go back to normal right after stopping the medication as if nothing happened. All it simply does it put estrogen and progesterone on their baseline level.

If this happened on its own, without the pill and without actually being pregnant, a woman would go to the doctor and be diagnosed with some kind of disease or disorder. It seems odd, then, that she might also go to the doctor and be prescribed medication to cause the thing that would be considered an illness if it happened without the medicine. In every situation where birth control pills are not concerned, we generally recognize that our bodies are supposed to work a certain way, and we shouldn’t do things to seriously hinder those processes for extended periods of time.

No, she wouldn’t inevitably be diagnosed with an disease, and he would probably know that already if he actually went to medical school. Altering one’s cycle can either be indicative of an underlying problem (which would usually appear with more symptoms than just changes in cycle), or be caused by many other factors such as being an athlete. No, an athlete wouldn’t be diagnosed with a disease. They also wouldn’t decide to stop their dreams of going to the Olympics because some guy on the internet thought they should be bleeding monthly. As long as they’re taking care of themselves, nothing is wrong with them. If their body thinks they’re in an environment that involves running their ass off, their body isn’t going to think it’s a good time to breed. Welcome to biology.

Many things our body does would only be considered concerning if the reasonings behind it were unknown. Losing/gaining weight without changing one’s habits is concerning. Losing/gaining weight through diet and exercise wouldn’t be concerning. Growing hair randomly would be concerning. Growing hair after taking steroids would be normal. Having a negligible small sperm count would be concerning. Having a negligible sperm count after a vasectomy would not be concerning.

3) Cancer and blood clots

We’ve already discussed brain cancer. There is also surely a link between hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer. There just is. Not a surprising turn of events when you consider that doctors are prescribing a Class-1 carcinogen to treat something that isn’t an illness. There are a lot of people either financially or ideologically invested in pretending that taking a medically unnecessary carcinogenic substance for decades has no chance of causing your body any harm, but these people are liars.

 

As I previously stated, OCs with a high level of estrogen seem to be correlated with breast cancer to a similar extent as soy products. There also seems to be an increased risk with the triphasic pill. OCs with a low amount of estrogen are not correlated with breast cancer according to most studies (including this one, which found no statistical significance). As this study states: “Our results suggest that recent use of contemporary oral contraceptives is associated with an increased breast cancer risk, which may vary by formulation. If confirmed, consideration of the breast cancer risk associated with different oral contraceptive types could impact discussions weighing recognized health benefits and potential risks.” I don’t think he actually reads these studies he posts.

And I wish he would stop and think for a second that maybe we’re not getting a secret payout by the Feminist Illuminati, we are just taking our damn prescribed medication. I’m also taking other prescribed medications for other health conditions I’d be way more concerned about in the long-run than OCs.

Blood clots are another serious risk inherent to hormonal birth control usage. You should read some of the stories of women who’ve been harmed by the pill, and then consider that they suffered these side effects because they were told that the natural workings of the female body should be treated like an affliction.

When the “Father of the Birth Control Pill” (now there’s an ironic title) died last week, I read several articles eulogizing him as a “liberator” of women. He liberated females from themselves, we’re told, and this is supposed to be a pro-woman sentiment?

It’s ridiculous. And dangerous.

 

It is a pretty well-known concept that one should avoid taking OCs if they have a history of blood clots or cancer. Thankfully, I already explained both of these. I would pay this guy money if he ever found a single woman who was told that her body should be treated like an affliction that also didn’t have a hardcore religious upbringing. This is, of course, in reference to menstruation being mentioned as unclean and deserving of a sacrifice (two turtle doves and two pigeons, to be precise). I was told it was a literal curse brought on me by Eve’s sin, and that my biology was actually a punishment by God. But sure, tell me how feminism is teaching me that my own biology I began embracing after years spent in the church is somehow teaching me that menstruation is an affliction. It isn’t. And I’d also like to hear your interpretation of how some feminists also practice free bleeding in public if they also somehow believe their natural biology is an affliction. Now I’m not one to do something like that, but even the “extremists” among us are spreading the counter-opposite of what he is implying.

How exactly did he liberate women from themselves? Because it reduced the teen pregnancy/abortion rates as well as helped bring about better family planning and additional protection with sex? I’m sure introducing birth control was very liberating for women who didn’t have any other options. It’s not ridiculous, it’s not dangerous for most individuals without pre-existing conditions, and it’s a great option for whoever wants to take them.

All of the lawsuits against birth control drug manufacturers should tell you just how dangerous. Johnson and Johnson recently paid out $ 68 million to women hurt by their birth control products. Over 10,000 women filed suit against Yaz after suffering blood clots, strokes, and other life threatening complications.

 

Okay, so nothing about all of the other shitty products they produced? Matt doesn’t also seem to be out fighting against Risperdal, Xarelto, and vaginal mesh implants. Huh, that’s strange. The lawsuits involved the actual FDA, who cracked down on some of their crappy medication they liked to promote. In a rather humorous way, this guy seems to be accidentally attacking capitalism instead of a particular medication (and no, I am not hinting at that either). The recent payouts actually mainly involved antipsychotics along with Yaz (the birth control he’s referring to). I don’t know about this guy, but I think anti-psychotics are quite important, and so is birth control. The lesson we should learn here is that Johnson&Johnson should probably just stick to baby shampoo from now on.

These side effects are all listed upfront, along with things like chronic migraines, blurred vision, and depression, but the risks are often understated. And now that we’re getting girls started on the pill at younger and younger ages, it’s hard to believe they appreciate the severity of their decision.

You know what is ridiculous? People who fight against sex ed being taught in schools who then get annoyed at the lack of sex ed. NO KIDDING! This is exactly why so many people have been trying to fight for information regarding reproductive anatomy and contraceptives to be specifically taught in high school. Yes, I wish too that parents wouldn’t protest every goddamn time a public school wants to teach teens about the side effects of birth control or how their own reproductive system works. But since people like Matt Walsh speak out against sex education (apparently he thinks it’s up to my pastor parents to teach me details about birth control’s effects on cervical mucus), we have to resort to getting our information from other sources, such as our OB/GYN, from asking questions from others who have taken it, and from researching it ourselves. And somehow this guy thinks that the total 45 minutes he spent (though I’m just guessing) online looking specifically for negative aspects of birth control somehow equates to long articles written by actual doctors.

Does this guy think women are lazy or just stupid in general?

Let’s resort to google autofill and start asking concerned-sounding questions ( I’m making my point sarcastically):

screen-shot-2017-03-03-at-8-54-17-pmscreen-shot-2017-03-03-at-8-52-36-pm

But I am  really glad this guy is the first ever to tell women about the side effects of birth control, as women obviously aren’t concerned about their health to do that themselves long before he ever did. There’s entire organizations dedicated to sharing detailed information and access to birth control. Women have cared about the side effects for a very, very long time.

They are introducing synthetic hormones into their bodies. They are imposing on their physiology a carcinogen listed in the same category as neutron radiation and plutonium. They don’t just have increased rates of breast and brain cancer to worry about, but liver and cervical cancer as well.

Have these facts been loudly emphasized for all of these girls?

Do they all completely understand what they’re doing?

I have my doubts

That category also includes mineral oil, processed meats, and THE SUN. UV rays lead to the dimerization of pyrimidines (they screw with your DNA), but people who need to be concerned are those with xeroderma pigementosum. Then you have people like me who don’t have a genetic disorder, but I still need to take extra precautions because skin cancer runs in my family. Likewise, people who have been previously diagnosed or have a predisposition to certain conditions should avoid taking birth control.

Yes, there also seems to be an increased risk of cervical cancer, but specifically in those with HPV. Good thing I got my Gardasil vaccine he fights against (because why would we want a vaccine specifically designed to prevent cervical cancer)! What is hypothesized with OCs and cervical cancer is that they may make HPV more likely to infect the cervix in the first place. Use protection and get vaccinated. I shit you not, this guy is anti-vaccine. Then he later wrote a second post trying to explain to people he’s not anti-vaccine because he vaccinated his own kids, but then explains that his child got the flu from the flu shot (which is impossible), and how 95% of the kids in DisneyLand who got the measles were vaccinated (I’m guessing math isn’t a strength of his). Wanting vaccines to be a personal choice isn’t pro-vaccine. He’s freaking out about cervical cancer when there is a FUCKING VACCINE THAT DIRECTLY PREVENTS PEOPLE FROM GETTING THAT EXACT CANCER. You’d think he’d care a tad more about something that is a legitimate causation. But really, let’s blame birth control instead.

4) Confusion and divorce.

There’s been a lot of research done about how hormonal birth control has changed women’s taste in men. It’s a fascinating and morbid subject, and I encourage you to read up on it if you haven’t. To summarize and simplify, women on the pill tend to gravitate towards men who are more feminine. This might explain, in part, the pop culture devolution from Frank Sinatra to Justin Bieber, John Wayne to Zach Efron, and so forth, but the implications run much deeper. The pill, being a chemical substance that so profoundly messes with a woman’s biology, creates confusion and pulls her towards men she wouldn’t otherwise find attractive. To think that this couldn’t harm relationships is naive.

Aside from all of the physical side effects, it’s scary to think that any drug could wreak this kind of psychological havoc.

This is one, though not the only, reason why the rates of birth control usage and divorce track almost identically. As the pill gained prevalence, so did divorce. That doesn’t necessarily prove anything, and you certainly can’t blame a pill for your decision to get divorced, but it’s a correlation that no honest person can ignore.

Here’s another interesting correlation: among couples who use natural family planning, the divorce rate is less than 3 percent. Again, does that prove something? No, not on its own, but it gives us something to think about.

 

Let me refer everyone to more examples of actual peer-reviewed science that has made it to scientific journals:

Promiscuous Squirrel Masturbation

Get me off Your Fucking Mailing List

Why Nurses Are Important During a Zombie Apocalypse

 

 

Predicting the Distribution of Sasquatch

Here’s a nice little picture included in that last study, too:

Created with GIMP

Journalists covering a scientific article they found interesting doesn’t count as evidence, especially considering one scientific study that wasn’t a meta-analysis means very little in the first place. And this is coming from someone who conducts those studies. Peer-reviewed science is the best we have in terms of evidence to support a hypothesis (so it’s better than random links to news sites), but single studies that weren’t repeated should still always be taken with a grain of salt.

Let me state specific problems with the “research” he provided: 

  1. The first link he provided was a very short Scientific American article that backed up Matt’s point with “recent research shows.” It was a short article with little to support it. It was obviously designed to grab attention. Normally I would find an article like this really fun to read if it wasn’t for people like Matt Walsh who accept it as fact from the get-go
  2. The second link he provided was a link to a science news service, not a peer-reviewed journal.
  3. The third was a link to LiveScience that was also written about the first one he provided. So two journalists thought one scientific article was interesting. Neato.
  4. The fourth link he provided is the same as the second link. Literally the same exact link to the exact same webpage.
  5. The fifth link actually completely crashed Google Chrome for me. It’s not an actual scientific article, and the graphs were created in Microsoft Excel. I’m like 90% sure I just downloaded malware.

I’m not sure how often I have to repeat this in the science field to where now the statement is borderline platitudinous, but correlation doesn’t equal causation.  If that was the case, I’m expecting him to one day write an article about the dangers of margarine:

chart-1

[sharequote align=”center”]Maybe natural family planning requires trust and self-control. Maybe marriage requires that, too. [/sharequote]

Maybe natural family planning requires trust, discipline, and self-control, and maybe marriage requires all of that, too. And maybe we should bring into our sex lives all of the things that should be brought into our marriage as a whole. And maybe the more we do that, the more we protect ourselves from divorce. And maybe treating sex like something purely recreational ultimately weakens its significance, which weakens our marriage, which weakens us, which is all very fortunate for divorce attorneys

Let’s just repeat that Pulitzer Prize-worthy quote: “Maybe natural family planning requires trust and self-control. Maybe marriage requires that, too.”

Maybe the willow tree smiles in the sunshine.

He just starts throwing in random positive words. Trust, discipline, self-control. It sounds like a poorly-written company ad. I truly don’t have to break this apart, because he’s just throwing random thoughts out. Maybe America requires family. Maybe freedom reins when the eagle is respected. Maybe I’m just typing this out and hoping you’ll associate positive words with my opinion. Maybe only having sex for procreation reasons leads to higher rates of stress, which leads to higher rates of fights, which ultimately leads to human spontaneous combustion.

5) Commodification.

You probably hear the term “commodification” a lot. Well, if you hang around recent college graduates then you probably hear it. It’s a Marxist term (hence the college graduates) referring to how ideas and people can be turned into commodities in the capitalist system. Fair enough. There’s certainly a lot of commodificationalizing going on nowadays (hey, if Marx can make up words then so can I).

The birth control pill is Exhibit A.

No, I don’t ever hear that word, and that’s coming from someone who graduated undergrad in 2013. Maybe I live under a rock.

Proponents of the pill degrade women by tying their human worth to their economic worth. They say that women must sterilize themselves, whether permanently or temporarily, in order to “succeed” in the business world. Her value as a woman, as a human being, is placed below her value as an employee or a consumer. I am rarely one to play the “S” Card, but perhaps this is where we ought to be looking in search of workplace sexism. I can tell you this: if scientists ever develop a birth control pill for men that renders them impotent, potentially causes cancer, requires them to take a dose every day, and makes their testicles shrivel, I can guarantee that drug would not be among Rite Aid’s best sellers. Even the men who love the female birth control pill would suddenly find the whole idea rather distasteful and degrading.

I am a proponent of oral contraceptives, in the medical field, and have never so much as heard a person hint at reducing women to their “economic worth.” I think I may need to break this down for people like Matt:

  1. Birth control doesn’t sterilize. People who have taken birth control for years are able to get pregnant after stopping the medication and choose to take that medication themselves. My sister got pregnant literally two months after stopping the pill. Women go back to ovulating as usual after taking birth control.
  2. A major reason women may personally find themselves wanting to not get pregnant to protect their career is because guys like him have written whiny articles telling women that their jobs shouldn’t accommodate pregnant women . And I quote from his other post: “Should employers be legally forced to ‘accommodate’ pregnant employees? No. I’m as pro-life and pro-pregnancy as they come, but these sorts of regulations and impositions on employers have gotten completely out of hand” It’s like he sets himself up to get publically dragged from his own contradictions. I would love to see this guy now wriggle his way out of explaining how women shouldn’t get accommodations but also shouldn’t avoid pregnancy. Matt Walsh IS the guy who is doing everything he just claimed. He is telling women that maternity leave, which values her as a woman and as a human being (allowing her to take the time to heal), is harmful to their careers.
  3. Men get vasectomies all the time. Does Matt not know this? Not only does it make them infertile (though reversible) by snipping right at the Vas Deferens, it hurts like hell. I can’t say the same about my oral contraceptives. Some studies have also linked it to Prostate cancerHere’s another. Except it’s still frequently debated and probably doesn’t actually cause cancer. That’s why it’s important to not just copy and paste articles from journalists talking about interesting conclusions in science journals.
  4. Not all birth control requires a daily pill. I wish my IUD worked well for me, but I had side effects with it. Now I take a daily pill, but I take daily medications anyways. A lot of people do.
  5. The female equivalent of the testicles is the ovaries. Ovaries don’t shrivel with birth control. Unless you meant the scrotum, which is the equivalent of the labia majora. Again, nothing shrivels.

I know I certainly would. And if I worked at a place where I thought my chemically imposed impotence was the only way to get ahead, I’d quit and find an employer who won’t expect me to sacrifice my manhood for his sake. But then, I guess it’s OK for me to feel that way because that’s how I feel about the female version of this.

That’s the pill for you. It always sounds terrible when put it in any other context.

But, ultimately, everyone has to make their own decisions. Hopefully, if I’ve been able to accomplish anything, I’ve at least demonstrated that the decision is more complicated than we pretend.

Or maybe it’s not very complicated at all.

And now we’re going to post another quote by Matt Walsh: “Consider the consequences here. If you force employees to treat pregnancy like a disability, you have also forced them to be very wary of hiring any woman of childbearing age.”

He’s pretty much saying “You shouldn’t be hired by people who want you to sacrifice your biology, but most companies wouldn’t want to hire you anyways because of your biology.” Oh, but don’t ask for changes, because he’s also against the Women’s March. Let’s repeat his quote, shall we? “I’d quit and find an employer who won’t expect me to sacrifice my manhood for his sake.” And women do just that and sue/protest/quit, he chastises them for it. Really, we should probably just focus on the word “manhood” here.


 

Birth control has been studied extensively for years by many fields. Women are not morons and do not need to be told why they shouldn’t take them from a man without a science degree. There are pros and cons to taking birth control, and it is up to the individual whether or not those pros outweigh the cons.

 

 

We get it, you hate birth control (part 1)

I’ve developed quite a peeve with individuals trying to support their own personal concept of morality by bastardizing science. What’s strange to me is that these are usually the same people who reject any concept involving evolution, whether it involves genetics or physiology, but then bring that same field into the equation when they reach a dead-end supporting their opinions based off of Biblical interpretation. If someone feels the need to mask their opinions under the guise of science, they may want to ask themselves why that is. But hey, I’ll take it as a compliment.

It’s okay that something is merely your opinion. We all have our own opinions. 

When it comes to birth control, I wish people would admit they simply don’t like it. Exaggerating the effects of birth control based off of a solid zero years studying medicine and exaggerating the situations when one would want to use birth control is getting ridiculous. As a preacher’s kid myself, I have long witnessed that the church still hasn’t seemed to figure out that married monogamous couples are using birth control instead of 14-year-olds involved in giant orgies. Every time I read an article painting birth control in a negative light, it seems to focus mainly on promiscuity. Aside from me going on a bunny trail about slut shaming is horrible to begin with, I’m tired of reading about how the birth control I’m taking in my monogamous marriage apparently leads me to a mindset of constant hardcore sex with “no consequences” regardless of me spending most of my time studying and decapitating rats for science. I mean, I do have the higher sex drive compared to my husband, but the last thing I need while judging myself for not maintaining my high sex drive during medical school (I haven’t even maintained a normal sleep cycle) is an article calling me a lazy whore because the church forgot about statistics and reality. Let’s pretend for a second like I’m just a boring married nerd who probably shouldn’t get pregnant anytime soon unless the kid wants the results of the cortisol I have shooting through my bloodstream at every given second. Maybe they can be inducted into Professor Xavier’s school as “Anxiety Boy” who runs at the speed of light, but regardless of those delusions of grandeur, I’m still not wanting to get pregnant anytime soon.

Just don’t have sex if you don’t want a baby!”

Why the fuck would I willingly go fifty years without having sex with my husband just to make a random person on the internet happy? That’s not actual advice, that’s Schadenfreude. Psychotherapists would probably have a field day with the number of people who magically think no one else should ever have sex except for them. Strange, really, I can’t figure out why that is. I’m sure there’s no defense mechanism that explains that.

See, there’s this thing called “birth control” that works pretty well when used appropriately. And here’s one thing that’s disturbing me in regards to constantly referring to “consequence-free” sex:

Not only is it weird that people who claim to be pro-life see a baby as the “consequence” more so than actual consequences like STDs (which isn’t decreased by BC), but why does evangelical Christianity expect some kind of punishment for enjoying sex in the first place? 

Did I miss something in the Bible expressing that sex always needs to be horrible and full of consequences? Yeah, some people had consequences after sex, but I’m guessing David losing his firstborn had more to do with the whole murdering-a-soldier-so-he-wouldn’t-find-out-about-his-affair thing. But what do I know as a heathen slut?

We get it, you hate birth control.


 

I can understand one point in opposition to birth control: sometimes we focus so much on making it more accessible that we forget to mention potential side effects. This is so important. It isn’t a good idea for some women. It leads to higher rates of depression in some people and lower rates in others. Women with a predisposition to DVT/certain blood disorders should avoid taking it. Some deal with dysmenorrhea or bad cramps. The list goes on. I personally had horrible side effects when I got an IUD, but function fantastically with 28 pills. We’re all different from one another, so feel free to try multiple methods to see what works. Don’t be embarrassed if the pill isn’t for you and you’d rather just stick with condoms. To each her own. That being said, I’m now going to move on to horrible arguments written in non-satirical blog posts describing why they think birth control is evil.

I’ll start with some dude named Nate Wilson first:

“The IUD was used by ancient Arabic caravan traders. Infanticide has always been widespread in pagan cultures either through sacrifices to appease spirits or through abandonment.”

Wait….. what? That sure as hell escalated quickly.

First of all, I think you mean “Arabian,” unless you’re specifically referring to the language. What particular IUD was used by ancient “Arabic caravan traders?” Why do you not back this up with sources or be more specific as to what kind of IUDs they supposedly invented? In actuality, precursors to IUDs date back to the 19th century, not “ancient Arabic caravan travelers.” What you’re actually trying to refer to is a belief that they inserted stones in camel’s uteruses, but this idea is laughed at by modern day traders. Also, what does infanticide have to do with anything? Are you really claiming that taking birth control is synonymous with murdering infants? That’s a tad histrionic, don’t you think?

Let’s look at other Pulitzer Prize-worthy explanations:

“The Bible nowhere encourages B.C., but everywhere condones fertility!”

No shit, it’s almost as if birth control pills or IUDs weren’t invented yet and not an option in Biblical times. Paul and Jesus were specifically mentioned as never getting married and not reproducing, so what point are you trying to make here, that they both failed God? Sorry, Jesus, some guy on the internet thinks you should have reproduced.

“The one man mentioned as practicing B.C., Onan, was struck dead.”

Interesting.  So it had nothing to do with the verse right before it that said “Then Judah said to Onan, ‘Sleep with your brother’s wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to raise up offspring for your brother.'” You’d almost think the disobeying part would have been involved with the outcome  And that must explain all of the people who are struck dead after using the pullout method, it’s been stumping medical examiners for years! I haven’t been to church in years, but I still find it rather important to mention scripture in terms of culture and context. That’s not why Onan was killed.

So let’s move on to biology:

“If you take the pill, you are five times more likely to die of circulatory disorders.”

What are you talking about?

I can’t just randomly claim things like “if you read your blog post more than once, you’re 27 times more likely to die of human spontaneous combustion” and expect that to speak for science. I’m amazed at how the same people who write a post calling birth control a sin have no care in the world that lying is also a sin. Which circulatory disorders, exactly? Want to be less vague there? Which women (those with a predisposition)? Which birth control pills? Let me quote from a study I’m assuming he got the number “5” from. We’ll never really know though considering none of this is backed up with any links to a paper (I wonder why).

Here’s the study by Chasan-Taber et al. 1996:

Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States

“Oral contraceptives induce hypertension in approximately 5% of users of high-dose pills that contain at least 50 μg estrogen and 1 to 4 mg progestin, and small increases in blood pressure have been reported even among users of modern low-dose formulations. However, neither the responsible hormone in the oral contraceptive nor particular subgroups of women who might be susceptible to the hypertensive effect of oral contraceptives have been identified.”

So birth control may cause HTN in some women. Great, pay attention to any significant changes in MAP, then. I’m not entirely sure how mentioning a potential side effect means no women should take it.

“Abortion is a serious cause of breast cancer. It is also a proven fact that the longer child-bearing is delayed, the more likely a woman is to get endometriosis.”

Really, now. How would abortion be a “serious cause” of breast cancer, exactly? What kind of abortion? This is a myth that seems to be continually reported in churches and pro-life sites, and few have bothered looking up its accuracy. It was first mentioned in a study back in the 1980’s that was poorly conducted, as it didn’t take into consideration confounding variables. Considering 6068% of fertilizations die before implantation, practically every woman would have breast cancer from spontaneous abortions if it was a major cause. Yet somehow it’s widely believed that only elective abortions can somehow affect the cell cycle, and somehow it transfers cell cycle abnormalities to just the breasts.

This study looked at many countries and over 80,0000 women: Breast cancer and abortion: collaborative reanalysis of data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 83 000 women with breast cancer from 16 countries

Now let’s talk about endometriosis. And I quote from a 2005 book entirely written about endometriosis:

The etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Many theories have been proposed, but no single theory sufficiently accounts for all aspects of this enigmatic disease, which makes it likely that several mechanisms are involved….in other words, peritoneal, deeply infiltrating, ovarian and extrapelvic endometriosis are manifestations of different disease processes, each with their own etiology” (Story & Kennedy 2005).

What does “proven fact” mean to you, exactly?

It gets worse somehow. Here is one of his major arguments:

“It’s inconvenient: I have hardly ever heard a positive comment about diaphragms and spermicidal jelly or condoms from my friends who use them (and condoms are not highly effective at preventing fertilization anyway). And, of course, it’s hard to abstain for significant periods of time as per the “Rhythm” or “Natural Family Planning” methods. There is also the cost of purchasing pills or other paraphanalia to consider.”

Did you mean “paraphernalia” by any chance? Regardless, I’ll move on. Condoms are actually highly effective at preventing fertilization. 97% may not be as good as the pill, but that’s not exactly outside of “highly effective.” If a bulletproof vest protects me 97% of the time, I’m still using it instead of refusing to wear one because it’s not 100%. Especially considering the fail rate of the most common bullet proof vest is about 40%. Does that put things into perspective now? And how does the fact that I spend money on pills affect you? Do you want to know how much my husband’s vancomycin for his c. diff costs? Why are you even debating the rhythm method when you’ve left people no other options of family planning to appease you? Normally I’m not a fan of it considering its high fail rate compared to other birth control methods, but I’m not going to chastise those who don’t want to use hormonal contraception. What on earth do you want if even paying attention to a menstrual cycle is bad to you?

Apparently, the body also aborts some pregnancies naturally at very early stages, without provocation, and all methods of mechanical prevention of fertilization (condom, diaphragm, Rhythm, N.F.P.) actually increase the number of these natural abortions by perpetuating the monthly menstrual cycles, which are suspended when a woman is pregnant.

I’m really holding myself back from completely losing it. How do any of these methods “perpetuate” menstrual cycles? The menstrual cycle repeats itself every 28 days because it’s a part of a woman’s natural biology, not because of “methods of mechanical prevention.” Do you actually know what a menstrual cycle is? Did you think that women menstruated only once a year, and somehow the body unconsciously picks up on a couple using the rhythm method or a condom and decides it’s time to increase it to 12 times a year?  Did you not know that birth control also suspends the menstrual cycle? How does any part of this argument make an ounce of sense?

What if I have health problems? There may be exceptions, but are you looking for an excuse, or are you trying to be faithful to God? Some female problems would be solved rather than exacerbated by having children. One woman who had a hole in her lung that would not heal was told by her doctors never to have children because she could not provide enough oxygen for two. She conceived anyway, and the pressure of the growing uterus against the lung sealed the hole and healed it! If, however, you have a legitimate health issue and are not looking for an excuse not to have children, you shouldn’t feel guilty if you practice birth control.

Again, please stop trying to explain why or why not birth control is a sin while simultaneously lying through your teeth. First of all, I promise you there are way more lifelong complications one can develop from getting pregnant than never getting pregnant. But using an obviously fake story is insulting. A hole in her lung that “wouldn’t heal?” What are you talking about? Was this a pneumothorax, or are you referring to tiny “holes” one develops with emphysema? If it was a pneumothorax, why was she sitting around expecting it to heal without getting surgery? However, I’ll humor you. Let’s say she was walking around every day with a giant hole in her lung she was born with that was untreatable and left her with a lifelong pneumothorax. Here’s the problem: it’s completely physically impossible for a uterus to heal a hole in someone’s lung to the same extent that it can’t heal a septal defect in your heart or a cut in your arm. It’s biologically impossible.

 

Do you notice how the lung isn’t even shown on this diagram because it’s contained inside of a ribcage in her thorax higher up in the picture? Do you see how a baby is carried? It doesn’t expand into someone’s ribcage past their pleural cavity. Stop lying. Sure, a baby can cause shortness of breath due to the diaphragm moving upwards and due to the baby using up some of the mom’s blood supply, but it can’t permanently heal a lung, for crying out loud. Even if this was some really weird case where her organs squashed the crap out her lungs (perhaps she was carrying quintuplets), you can’t heal a hole in a lung that apparently can’t even be surgically fixed by simply pressing against it. Next, maybe you can talk about how pregnancy healed someone’s aortic dissection.

OBJECTIONS HOLD NO WATER

Cost: The scary, high figures you see quoted are based on expensive C-sections, baby formula, baby food, frivolous baby furniture, not getting a baby shower, using day care, etc, all of which is unnecessary. It doesn’t take long before children are old enough to become income producers, anyway.

What planet do you live on where potentially life-saving surgeries, food, and furniture are seen as “unnecessary?” Did you not know babies need to eat? Did you think that all women who give their babies formula instead of breastfeeding are doing so by choice? Babies and children are expensive. Period. Most parents out there have told me it’s worth the cost (which is beautiful), but you can’t pretend like having kids isn’t expensive and expect no parents to laugh at you for that. The average cost of a child isn’t taking “scary high figures” out of a rich couple’s desire to have a yacht-themed nursery and a crib made out of Swarovski crystals, that’s the actual average cost of having a child in the United States. And I promise you that kid isn’t going to leave the house on their third birthday to start working in the coal mines as an income producer.


 

If you’re going to fight against birth control, try being honest. Try not using studies falsified back in the 1980’s, fake stories, and fear-mongering.

American Football, Dementia, and Brain Gremlins

We need to change the way we view the brain

The first time I ever heard of the debate regarding the NFL and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), I thought the lawsuits were ridiculous. My first thought was, “How did football players not know that multiple concussions may have long-lasting consequences?” It seemed like a pretty simple understanding of cause and effect to me, and it seems like many other people reading about the lawsuits came to that same conclusion.

My senior year of undergrad I volunteered at a local neuroscience research facility testing the cytokine levels and taking fMRI scans of football players before and after concussion. One day a football player came in for his third fMRI a week after getting concussed, and since this was my volunteer day, I sat in the back asking questions and watching the scans. One area of his brain caught my attention, and that was a giant black spot in his limbic system just under his corpus callosum (thick white matter in the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres). I asked one of the neuroscientists what it was, hoping it was a blood vessel I forgot about that “fed” that area of the brain. In reality, this twenty-year-old had a giant hole and, most likely, the start of dementia. Let me repeat that: the football player was twenty years old and most likely started developing dementia.

Since there are particular biological markers on CTE brains, it’s not something you can diagnose from an fMRI. Someone can only get diagnosed when his/her brain is physically cut up and observed under a microscope, so “diagnosing” a live individual with CTE is impossible. Regardless of diagnostics, we do know that a giant hole is not supposed to be there, and it was important to let him know. And the more I studied about CTE, the more angry I became on behalf of this young man who, while we stressed the importance of him quitting football, didn’t really understand the full extent of the situation. And I’m not highlighting his ignorance, I’m angry at why this was not perceived as a big deal. All we could do was cross our fingers and hope his didn’t progress quickly.

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Your body has many lines of defense. Some are on the very tiny microscopic level of DNA repair, some are in charge of various aspects of immunity, some are on a macroscopic level of protection against mechanical damage, the list goes on. Your brain, being an extremely vital organ, has more than one line of defense. If certain organisms actually pass the blood-brain barrier, a particular glial cell (special cells found among neurons that aid in homeostasis and support) called microglia will phagocytose (swallow and digest) the foreign particle. They will also attack tumor cells with phagocytosis and releasing necrotizing cytokines, toxins so-to-speak that cause a foreign/tumor cell to undergo apoptosis (programmed self destruction). The interesting thing that has been discovered about microglia is that they are very physiologically similar to another immune cell called a macrophage. And these microglia will, simply put, go back and forth between its activated macrophage stage and its off stage. Think of them like brain gremlins, pretending to be a cute little innocent glial cell, only to have them morph into a scary attack being and go on a destructive rampage.

Microglial Gremlin Mode ™ needs two factors:
1. Something needs to set it off in the first place (perhaps a passive-aggressive text from another microglial cell it once dated)
2. It needs time to calm down back into chill mode

It’s also important to point out that microglia are part of the innate immune system. This means that they are the TSA of immunity compared to the FBI of the acquired immune system, only the TSA, in this case, has actually caught people. Instead of looking for a particular “bad guy,” they go for traits most bad guys have. They’re judgmental. This also includes neurons who actually do need to undergo apoptosis after, let’s say, inflammation arises from a traumatic brain injury. And microglia have the ability to stay forever in Gremlin Mode™ if it didn’t have time to go back into chill mode before the situation recurred. This includes someone suffering with HIV who may develop AIDS encephalopathy (the microglia are consistently presented with the virus, causing them to stay in an “on” phase), and includes someone going back into a game and getting hit in the head again.

While concussions are horrible, experiencing a few concussions over the span of four years of college football doesn’t seem, according to research, to be the biggest problem. So those of you who have experienced a couple concussions over the course of your lifetime due to an accident, etc., most likely aren’t going to develop dementia as a result. What does seem to be the biggest factor, due to the function of microglia, is getting sent back into the game too early. If the person experiences even a slight head trauma when the microglia are still activated, this can keep the microglia in that “on” state, consistently releasing destructive chemicals that aren’t specific to a particular invader. This begins to kill the surrounding functioning neural tissue. In other words, having CTE be a direct consequence of experiencing more than one concussion puts most of the responsibility into the hands of the linebacker who signed up for that position, but having it be a direct consequence of when the linebacker plays after concussion puts most of the responsibility into the hands of the coach. And that right there is one example of a major piece of information the NFL didn’t exactly want to bring into light.

The brain is a vital biological organ. This is a statement about the human body most individuals (I’m assuming) would find comically obvious, yet society as a whole seems to treat it as 3 pounds of self-controlled weakness. The brain is so complex that science can draw a map and name every area, describe its function, and explain major pathways, yet come to a dead ends with so many explanations for a ton of biological phenomena that occurs in the brain. A lot of psychological disorders are wonderfully organized in the in the DSM-V, but not remotely understood biologically. Instead of acknowledging a lack of biological understanding in certain psychological disorders, today’s society still judges the crap out of people with conditions affecting the mind. Someone with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder has a biological condition just like someone with diabetes or Crohn’s has a biological condition. And the offense that arises after this is mentioned is exactly what is wrong with the world of mental health. If you are a psychologist, you may have a client with generalized anxiety disorder, depression, etc and hope you’ll see positive results after therapy just like a doctor may work with a patient with a particular chronic condition and hope to see positive results. But telling a person with an anxiety disorder to “just suck it up and relax” is similar to telling someone with arthritis to “just suck it up and open this tightly-screwed bottle for me.” The brain is not a 3-pound pile of wimpiness , it is just as biological as the rest of the body.

I went on that tangent to bring up the problem with telling someone to “man up” and get back out into the game when it may kill him later. Someone waiting for a neurologist to tell him when it’s safe for him to play football again is not being a wimp, but avoiding life-long consequences just like someone would avoid playing football soon after tearing his ACL. It’s a biological organ that needs time to heal. And when we find out that football players like Junior Seau and Dave Duerson tragically shot themselves in the chest instead of the head so their brains could be studied and prevent others from suffering the same long battle with the psychological consequences that ensue from holes scattered throughout the brain, we should probably actually try to prevent other deaths.

I’d like to explain that I’m not anti-football. Football is a favorite American pastime, and football players obviously enjoy playing it for a living. No one is trying to destroy it (for those of you holding pitchforks). In reality, spreading information about this really horrible, yet preventable, condition is showing respect for the dying wishes of NFL veterans and opens up the question of how we make the game safer. Even if you’re a parent and bring up frequently that nothing happened to you after years of playing football, I think (or I’m at least hoping) that you’ll be okay with waiting a little longer before playing if irreversible dementia is a possible consequence for your child getting sent out too early. Injuries always suck, whether a broken leg or a concussion. We just need to start taking brain injuries more seriously.